Leonardo

ATmega328 PDIP

AD8 is termperature ADC7 ADC6 only on 32MLF package

Arduino libraries (setMode,digitalWrite,digitalRead) refers to pins by their digital BOARD number,
i.e. : PD0:0; PD1:1, … ,PB0:8;PB1:9, … PB5:13; … (PB6,PB7 used for XTAL), PC0:14 … PC5:19
pins_arduinoDGG.h,standard/pins_arduino.h, micro, mega, leonardo
port A is not defined!i
28 pin packages do not have ADC6, ADC7.
DB6 and DB7 are XTAL and therefore unavailable. This causes arduino numbering oddities i.e. DB6=6; DC0=7

// symbols and macros from arduino.h
 HIGH LOW       INPUT  OUTPUT         true false 
 SERIAL
 DISPLAY
 LSBFIRST MSBFIRST 
 CHANGE FALLING RISING 
 DEFAULT 
 EXTERNAL INTERNAL INTERNAL1V1 INTERNAL2V56 
 interrupts() sei()      noInterrupts() cli()

 clockCyclesPerMicrosecond() 
 clockCyclesToMicroseconds(a) microsecondsToClockCycles(a)

 bitRead(value, bit) bitSet(value, bit) bitClear(value, bit) bitWrite(value, bit, bitvalue) 
 analogInPinToBit(P) 
 digitalPinToPort(P) digitalPinToBitMask(P) digitalPinToTimer(P) 
 portOutputRegister(P) portInputRegister(P) portModeRegister(P)

 NOT_A_PIN NOT_A_PORT 
 PA PB PC PD PE PF PG PH PJ PK PL 
 NOT_ON_TIMER 0
 TIMER0A TIMER0B         TIMER1A TIMER1B         TIMER2 TIMER2A TIMER2B
 TIMER3A TIMER3B  TIMER3C                        TIMER4A TIMER4B TIMER4C TIMER4D        TIMER5A TIMER5B TIMER5C 

__DATE__ __TIME__ The date & time this sketch was compiled

 bit(b) word(...) lowByte(w) highByte(w)
 constrain(amt,low,high) 
 min(a,b) max(a,b) abs(x) 
 round(x)    sq(x) ((x)*(x))
 PI HALF_PI TWO_PI DEG_TO_RAD RAD_TO_DEG radians(deg) degrees(rad)

Adafruit Data logging SC/RTC/LED schield SD/RTC shield schematic Rose colored rows are dedicated, that is they cann not be used for anything else.   Real Time Clock related DS1307 includes 56 bytes battery backedup RAM SDA   Serial Data to/from DS1307 No other lines are needed! See Section 21 for ALL TWI details SCL   Serial Clock Line to DS1307 SD Card related (uses SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)) Arduino Atmega name SD D10 CS PB2 Chip select for SD pulled up to 5V D11 MOSI MasterOutSlaveIn DATAout   D12 MISO MasterInSlaveOut DATAin   D13 SCK SCKIN   N.B. SCK same as LED_BUILTIN on Duemilanova   WP Write Protect   CD Card Detect LEDS L1,L2 are unconnected, that is they need to jumpered to a data pin to be used. pin listed is suggestion based on example sketch D3 := 3 L1 Red D2 := 2 L2 Green

When coding, use pin function like SCK not 19 since that's the pin number only for the ATmega328 PDIP package!

SPI ATmega section 18† The SPI module is enabled by setting SPE of SPCR (As long as its Power Reduction flag PRSPI † is not set.) Data is shifted from Master to Slave on the Master Out - Slave In (MOSI) line, and from Slave on Master In - Slave Out(MISO). On the master, the program clears SS for the specific slave device. Writing to SPDR initiates the transfer. When compete, End of Transmission Flag( SPIF) is set and an interrupt may be triggered. The master the sends another byte or sets SS SPDR - SPI Data Register SPSR - SPI Status Register SPIF: SPI Interrupt Flag WCOL: Write COLlision SPI2X: SPI double Speed see SPR1 and SPR0 SPCR control† SPIE: SPI Interrupt Enable SPE: SPI Enable (need to clear for DORD: Data ORDer one: LSB transmitted first. MSTR: Master (Slave ) CPOL: Clock POLarity one:SCK is high when idle. CPHA: Clock PHAse SPR1 SPR0:clock rate (see ATmel table 18.5; f_osc/128 = 112 aka 3 with SPI2X=0)

Serial I/O; Universial Synchronous and Asynchronous serial Receiver and Transmitter register map sends and receives bytes, on a pair of lines, a bit at a time, autonomously ( i.e. with CPU intervention only needed to load or retrieve each byte). Timing with respect to the other device can be either synchronized: permitting a block of bytes to be transfered ( UMSELn master/slave)See SPI mode Asynchronously: with bytes occuring at undefined intervals (but no more frequently than with 1 interviening bit time). The USART is responsible with generating the start and stop timing delays (bits) USART Baud Rate Register (UBRRn) values depend on the Frequency Of System CLock (See ATmel section 19.11) baud FOSC UBRRnH+UBRRnL U2Xn 9600 16MHz 103 0 57600 16MHz 16 0 115200 16MHz 8 0 FrameFormat set via UCSRnB.UCSZn2:0, UCSRnB.UPMn1:0 and UCSRnB.USBSn UCSRnB and UCSRnC. (_)? SPI mode:

http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment
Language Reference, local version

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Git Guide

For MacOSX use Arduino.app found in arduino-1.0-macosx.zip

After you have everything ready and try to remember what your did:.

1. A directory named xxx has xxx.pde source(s) in ASCII text
2. Start up Arduino.app
3. open the tools/serial monitor ⇑ ⌘ M
4. file/open ⌘O your file
5. compile and upload ⌘U

Points of interest:

1. Arduino IDE monitor does not handle ␍ (it's not an ANSI terminal emulator)
2. Serial.print, goes to tx port, is asynchronous, flush() waits for completion
3. serial port (tx rx) can be used for other functions after Serial.end();
4. memory: ATmega328P: flash(code,uploaded to):32K, SRAM(data):2K, EEPROM(static data, writeten/read to/from):1K
                 ATMega48: 4,512,256; 88:8,512,1; 168:16,512,1
   1. #include <avr/pgmspace.>
PROGMEM prog_uint16_t speeds[] = { 300, 19200, 57600 };
PROGMEM prog_uchar signMessage[] = {"I am a big long string with a null terminator");
strcpy_P copies a string from flash to a string in RAM example hexdump -C
   2. char mess[] = "test"; copies 5 bytes from flash to SRAM
   3. #include <EEPROM.h>
EEPROM.write(i, i);(takes 3.3ms)
value = EEPROM.read(a);
      (write seldom, read often)

Arduino has has pins for analog input,
for soures ranging from 0 to 5 volts, ( Aref is connected to VCC) .
These are convert it to a number between 0 (0 volts) and 1023 (5 volts) (10 bits of resolution).

oomlout

	bits	bytes	range
byte ddd	8	1	0 - 255
int ddd	16	2	-32768 - 32767 0xFFFF
unsigned int word ddd	16	2	0 - 65535
long nnnnnL	32	4	-2147483648 - 2147483647 max 0x7FFFFFFF
128; 33888u; 0xFFFF; 0x01FFFFL; 0777; B1011;

From "Arduino notebook v1-1" :float …32bit -3.4028E+38 to 3.4028E38

O'baka

compiler output sample

Arduino wiki, forum

AMTEL AVR

avr libc

Ardweeny eeprom.h tersified

1. using DB6 hardware reset? ∃ a soft_reset();
2. RAM used for hardware register (copies)
3. EEPROM retention: O-buffer discussion/ implementation: should store DATA first THEN buffer index. DISABLES?

FTDI Header:

cable	1	2	3	4	5	6
header	DSR	TxD	RxD	Vcc	RTS	Gnd
correct	DTR	RxD	TxD	Vcc	CTS	Gnd
flipped over	Gnd	CTS	Vcc	TxD	RxD	DTR

Two Row 1 MISO, 3 SCK, 5 rst
         2 Vcc, 4 MOSI, 6 GND

A "complete" hexdump.ino

Collected documents

1. ATmega.pdf
   
2. AVR100_AccessingEEPROM.pdf
   
3. AVR101_EEPROMendurance.pdf
   
4. AVR103_Timers.pdf Timer0 is used by the Arduino library functions micros,mills,delay,delayMicroseconds (wire.cpp)
   
5. AVR126_ADC.pdf
   
6. AVR134_RTC.pdf
   
7. AVR4027optimize.pdf
   
8. AVR448_3PhaseMotor.pdf
   
9. AVRinstSet.pdf
   
10. DS1307.pdf
    
11. Roobma Library
12. Embedds.com tutorials DNS
13. Nanonode
14. pololu.com/
15. BDMicro MAVRIC $159
16. Arduino to Twitter over USB
17. ADAFruit git hub library

board choices Buy at:

1. DRobotics Online (UK)

/usr/local/CrossPack-AVR/bin/avr-objdump -j .sec1 -d -m avr5 sss.cpp.hex dissasembler

JeremyBlum Arduino Tutorial-9-wireless-communication simulavr