These variables are used by some utilites to provide different date formats, paper sizes, sort order.
An example is the use by tr (translate) utility which will fail if particular characters are in the input stream and
LC_ALL=POSIX By specifing export LC_ALL=C, tr will treat these characters as the C language does.
locale [ ‑a | ‑m=]
locale [ ‑ck =] name...
Display information about the current locale environment, or all locales, to standard output.
When invoked without arguments, locale summarizes the current locale
environment for each locale category defined by the LC_* environment variables.
‑a, ‑‑all‑locales | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
locale -ck decimal_point
LC_NUMERIC
decimal_point="."
localedef [ -c ] [ -f Charmap ] [ -i SourceFile ] [ -L LinkOptions ] [ -m MethodFile ] LocaleName
Sample output:
> locale
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=
Partial sample output from
Linuxlocale ‑v ‑a archive: /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive Locale Title an_ES.iso885915 Aragonese for Spain danish Danish for Denmark en_US English for the USA en_US.iso88591 English for the USA en_US.utf8 English for the USA |
locale -k LC_CTYPE
ctype-class-names="upper";"lower";"alpha";"digit";"xdigit";"space";"print";"graph";"blank";"cntrl";
"punct";"alnum";"combining";"combining_level3"
ctype-map-names="toupper";"tolower";"totitle"
ctype-width=16
ctype-mb-cur-max=6
charmap="UTF-8"
ctype-class-offset=71
ctype-map-offset=85
ctype-indigits_mb-len=1
ctype-indigits0_mb="0"
…
ctype-indigits9_mb="9"
ctype-indigits_wc-len=1
ctype-outdigit0_mb="0"
…
ctype-outdigit9_mb="9"
ctype-outdigit0_wc=48
…
ctype-outdigit9_wc=57
ctype-translit-tab-size=4553
ctype-translit-default-missing-len=1
ctype-translit-ignore-len=0
ctype-translit-ignore=""
map-to-nonascii=0
/usr/include/xlocale/
_wctype.h
#if !defined(_DONT_USE_CTYPE_INLINE_) && \
(defined(_USE_CTYPE_INLINE_) || defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__cplusplus))
__DARWIN_WCTYPE_TOP_static_inline int
iswctype_l(wint_t _wc, wctype_t _charclass, locale_t _l) { return (__istype_l(_wc, _charclass, _l)); }
DARWIN_WCTYPE_… removed from following for brevity
iswalnum_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__istype_l(_wc, _CTYPE_A|_CTYPE_D, _l)); }
iswalpha_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__istype_l(_wc, _CTYPE_A, _l)); }
iswcntrl_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__istype_l(_wc, _CTYPE_C, _l)); }
iswdigit_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__istype_l(_wc, _CTYPE_D, _l)); }
iswgraph_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__istype_l(_wc, _CTYPE_G, _l)); }
iswlower_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__istype_l(_wc, _CTYPE_L, _l)); }
iswprint_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__istype_l(_wc, _CTYPE_R, _l)); }
iswpunct_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__istype_l(_wc, _CTYPE_P, _l)); }
iswspace_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__istype_l(_wc, _CTYPE_S, _l)); }
iswupper_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__istype_l(_wc, _CTYPE_U, _l)); }
iswxdigit_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__istype_l(_wc, _CTYPE_X, _l)); }
towlower_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__tolower_l(_wc, _l)); }
towupper_l(wint_t _wc, locale_t _l) { return (__toupper_l(_wc, _l)); }
#else /* not using inlines */
int iswctype_l(wint_t, wctype_t, locale_t);
int iswalnum_l(wint_t, locale_t);
int iswalpha_l(wint_t, locale_t);
int iswcntrl_l(wint_t, locale_t);
int iswdigit_l(wint_t, locale_t);
int iswgraph_l(wint_t, locale_t);
int iswlower_l(wint_t, locale_t);
int iswprint_l(wint_t, locale_t);
int iswpunct_l(wint_t, locale_t);
int iswspace_l(wint_t, locale_t);
int iswupper_l(wint_t, locale_t);
int iswxdigit_l(wint_t, locale_t);
wint_t towlower_l(wint_t, locale_t);
wint_t towupper_l(wint_t, locale_t);
wctype_t wctype_l(const char *, locale_t);
_string.h _stdlib.h_stdio.h int asprintf_l(char **, locale_t, const char *, ...) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(asprintf_l) __printflike(3, 4); int fprintf_l(FILE * __restrict, locale_t, const char * __restrict, ...) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(fprintf_l) __printflike(3, 4); int fscanf_l(FILE * __restrict, locale_t, const char * __restrict, ...) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(fscanf_l) __scanflike(3, 4); int printf_l(locale_t, const char * __restrict, ...) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(printf_l) __printflike(2, 3); int scanf_l(locale_t, const char * __restrict, ...) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(scanf_l) __scanflike(2, 3); int snprintf_l(char * __restrict, size_t, locale_t, const char * __restrict, ...) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(snprintf_l) __printflike(4, 5); int sprintf_l(char * __restrict, locale_t, const char * __restrict, ...) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(sprintf_l) __printflike(3, 4); int sscanf_l(const char * __restrict, locale_t, const char * __restrict, ...) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(sscanf_l) __scanflike(3, 4); int vasprintf_l(char **, locale_t, const char *, va_list) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(vasprintf_l) __printflike(3, 0); int vfprintf_l(FILE * __restrict, locale_t, const char * __restrict, va_list) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(vfprintf_l) __printflike(3, 0); int vfscanf_l(FILE * __restrict, locale_t, const char * __restrict, va_list) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(vfscanf_l) __scanflike(3, 0); int vprintf_l(locale_t, const char * __restrict, va_list) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(vprintf_l) __printflike(2, 0); int vscanf_l(locale_t, const char * __restrict, va_list) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(vscanf_l) __scanflike(2, 0); int vsnprintf_l(char * __restrict, size_t, locale_t, const char * __restrict, va_list) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(vsnprintf_l) __printflike(4, 0); int vsprintf_l(char * __restrict, locale_t, const char * __restrict, va_list) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(vsprintf_l) __printflike(3, 0); int vsscanf_l(const char * __restrict, locale_t, const char * __restrict, va_list) __DARWIN_LDBL_COMPAT2(vsscanf_l) __scanflike(3, 0);_monetary.h ssize_t strfmon_l(char *, size_t, locale_t, const char *, ...) __strfmonlike(4, 5); _langinfo.h char *nl_langinfo_l(nl_item, locale_t); _inttypes.h __wctype.h _wchar.h _ctype.h_time.h # ↓ size_t strftime_l( char * __restrict, size_t, const char * __restrict, const struct tm * __restrict, locale_t) __DARWIN_ALIAS(strftime_l) __strftimelike(3); # ↓ ↓ char *strptime_l( const char * __restrict, const char * __restrict, struct tm * __restrict, locale_t) __DARWIN_ALIAS(strptime_l) __strftimelike(2);
/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8 LC_ADDRESS LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE "POSIX" LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES/ LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE LC_TIME
Hexdump ofhexdump -C LC_ADDRESS 00 21 08 00 20 0d 00 00 00 3c 00 00 00 66 00 00 00 10 6a 00 00 00 6e 00 00 00 71 00 00 00 75 00 00 00 20 7c 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 82 00 00 00 8a 00 00 00 30 8d 00 00 00 91 00 00 00 95 00 00 00 25 61 25 4e %a%N| 40 25 66 25 4e 25 64 25 4e 25 62 25 4e 25 68 20 25 |%f%N%d%N%b%N%h %| 50 73 20 25 65 20 25 72 25 4e 25 25 54 20 25 7a 25 |s %e %r%N%%T %z%| 60 4e 25 63 25 4e 00 55 53 41 00 55 53 41 00 55 53 |N%c%N.USA.USA.US| 70 00 55 53 41 00 55 53 41 00 00 00 00 48 03 00 00 |.USA.USA | 80 30 00 45 6e 67 6c 69 73 68 00 65 6e 00 65 6e 67 |0.English.en.eng| 90 00 65 6e 67 00 55 54 46 2d 38 00 |.eng.UTF-8.
LC_COLLATE for en_USLC_COLLATE for en_GBhexdump -C LC_MEASUREMENT 00 23 08 00 20 02 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 11 00 00 00 |# 10 02 55 54 46 2d 38 00 |.UTF-8.| hexdump -d 00 02083 08192 00002 00000 00016 00000 00017 00000
hexdump -C LC_PAPER 00 2f 08 00 20 03 00 00 00 14 00 00 00 18 00 00 00 10 1c 00 00 00 17 01 00 00 d8 00 00 00 55 54 46 2d | UTF-| 20 38 00 |8.| hexdump -d 00 02095 08192 00003 00000 00020 00000 00024 00000 10 00028 00000 00279 00000 00216 20 00056
hexdump -C LC_NUMERIC 00 29 08 00 20 06 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 22 00 00 00 10 24 00 00 00 28 00 00 00 2c 00 00 00 30 00 00 00 20 2e 00 2c 00 03 03 00 00 2e 00 00 00 2c 00 00 00 30 55 54 46 2d 38 00 |UTF-8.|hexdump -d LC_NUMERIC
00 04372 08195 00006 00000 00032 00000 00034 00000 10 00036 00000 00040 00000 00044 00000 00048 00000 20 00046 00044 00771 00000 00046 00000 00044 00000
hexdump -C LC_NAME 20 08 00 20 07 00 00 00 24 00 00 00 33 00 00 00 34 00 00 00 38 00 00 00 3d 00 00 00 43 00 00 00 47 00 00 00 25 64 25 74 25 67 25 74 25 6d 25 74 | %d%t%g%t%m%t| 25 66 00 00 4d 72 2e 00 4d 72 73 2e 00 4d 69 73 |%f..Mr..Mrs..Mis| 73 2e 00 4d 73 2e 00 55 54 46 2d 38 00 |s..Ms..UTF-8.|
hexdump -C LC_TELEPHONE 00 22 08 00 20 05 00 00 00 1c 00 00 00 28 00 00 00 10 30 00 00 00 33 00 00 00 35 00 00 00 2b 25 63 20 %c | 20 28 25 61 29 20 25 6c 00 28 25 61 29 20 25 6c 00 |(%a) %l.(%a) %l.| 30 31 31 00 31 00 55 54 46 2d 38 00 |11.1.UTF-8.|
hexdump -C LC_MONETARY 00 01 02 03 08 09 0a 0b 04 05 06 07 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 2c 08 00 20 2e C0 C5 10 C7 C9 CB CE 20 Cf D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 DC DD DE DF E0 E1 E2 E7 E9 EA 70 EB EC ED EE EF F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 __ A0 F8 FC 100 104 B0 108 110 114 118 C0 55 53 44 20 00 |USD $ , -| C5 24 C7 2E C9 2C 03 03 00 2d D0 00 02 02 01 00 01 00 01 01 2d 24 00 01 00 01 00 | -$ | E0 01 01 55 53 44 20 00 24 00 02 02 01 00 01 00 01 | USD $ | F0 00 01 00 01 01 01 01 75 27 bf be f5 05 | u | 100 75 27 bf be f5 05 01 01 |u | 110 2e 2c | UTF-8 |
hexdump -d 00 2092 08192 046 192 197 10 199 201 203 206 20 207 209 - 40 217 220 - 60 226 231 233 - 246 a0 248 252 256 260 b0 264 272 276 280 c0 03 03 d0 00 02 02 01 00 01 00 01 01 -$ 00 01 00 01 00 e0 01 01 512 258 256 256
f0 00 01 00 01 01 01 01 00 10101 00 00 BFBE F505
00 10101 0 48831 1525 1 1
10 46 44
Sample output from4 byte displayments into this table hexdump -x LC_TIME there must be aFollowing commpressed for readability,cheader for this as astruct000 1117 2003 06f 1C4 008 1C8 1C4 day o week [0] 010 1cc 1d0 1D4 1D8 020 1dc 1E0 1E7 1EE 1E0 daynameOWeek[0], 1E7 [1], 1EE [2] 030 1f6 200 209 210 040 219 21d 221 225 219 mon o yr [0] 050 229 22d 231 235 060 239 23d 241 245 070 249 251 25a 260 249 monthnamesOYear [0] 080 266 26A 26F 274 090 27B 285 28d 296 0A0 29F 2A2 2A5 2B7 29F AM and PM strings, 2A5 DATE format 0B0 2C0 2C3 2CF 2CF 0C0 2D0 2D1 335 336 2D0 02D1 335 next day o week string set 0D0 338 33c 33c 34c 0E0 35C 36C 37c 38c 0F0 39C 3aC 3c8 3e4 100 404 42C 450 46c 110 490 4A0 4B0 4C0 4D0 4E0 4F0 500 130 510 520 530 540 140 550 570 594 5ac 150 5C4 5D4 5E8 5FC 160 618 640 660 684 170 6A8 6B4 6C0 708 180 72c 738 768 76c 190 770 900 904 908 1A0 90C 910 911 912 1B0 913 914 915 930 1C0 990 7553 06E 1C0 8d 09 00 00 1C4 Sun.Mon.Tue.Wed.Thu.Fri.Sat. 1E0 Sunday.Monday.Tuesday.Wednesday.Thursday.Friday.Saturday. 219 Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr.May.Jun.Jul.Aug.Sep.Oct.Nov.Dec. 249 January.February.March.April.May.June.July.August.September.October.November.December. 29F AM.PM.%a %d %b %Y %r %Z.%m/%d/%Y.%r.%I:%M:%S %p.. 2C0 7225 2500 3A49 4d25 253A 2053 7025 0000 2d0 * 320 330 0053330 Sun.Mon.Tue.Wed.Thu.Fri.Sat.S 3b0 unday .Monday.Tuesday 400 .Wednesday .Thursday. 450 Friday.Saturday. 490 Jan. 4a0 Feb. 4b0 Mar. 4c0 Apr. 4d0 May. 4e0 Jun. 4f0 Jul. 500 Aug. 510 Sep. 520 Oct. 530 Nov. 540 Dec. 550 January. 570 February. 591 March.April. 5C1 May. 5D1 June.July.August. 612 September. 640 October. 660 November. 681 December. 6A2 AM. 6B1 PM. 6C0 %a%d%b%Y%r%Z.%m/%d/%Y.%r.%I:%M:%S%p * 908 07 00 00 00 81 bc 30 01 910 04 01 01 01 00 | %a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y.%..| 930 | a % b % e % H : % M : % S % Z % Y UTF| 990 |-8 …
‑m
ANSI_X3.110‑1983 ANSI_X3.4‑1968 ARMSCII‑8 ASMO_449
BIG5 BIG5‑HKSCS BS_4730 BS_VIEWDATA
CP10007 CP1125 CP1250 CP1251 CP1252 CP1253 CP1254 CP1255
CP1256 CP1257 CP1258 CP737 CP775 CP949 CSA_Z243.4‑1985‑1 CSA_Z243.4‑1985‑2
CSA_Z243.4‑1985‑GR CSN_369103 CWI
DEC‑MCS DIN_66003 DS_2089
EBCDIC‑AT‑DE EBCDIC‑AT‑DE‑A
EBCDIC‑CA‑FR EBCDIC‑DK‑NO EBCDIC‑DK‑NO‑A
EBCDIC‑ES EBCDIC‑ES‑A EBCDIC‑ES‑S EBCDIC‑FI‑SE
EBCDIC‑FI‑SE‑A EBCDIC‑FR EBCDIC‑IS‑FRISS EBCDIC‑IT
EBCDIC‑PT EBCDIC‑UK EBCDIC‑US
ECMA‑CYRILLIC ES
ES2 EUC‑JISX0213 EUC‑JP EUC‑JP‑MS EUC‑KR EUC‑TW
GB18030 GB2312
GBK GB_1988‑80 GEORGIAN‑ACADEMY GEORGIAN‑PS GOST_19768‑74
GREEK‑CCITT GREEK7 GREEK7‑OLD
HP‑ROMAN8
IBM037 IBM038 IBM1004 IBM1026 IBM1047 IBM1124 IBM1129
IBM1132 IBM1133 IBM1160 IBM1161 IBM1162 IBM1163 IBM1164 IBM256
IBM273 IBM274 IBM275 IBM277 IBM278 IBM280 IBM281 IBM284
IBM285 IBM290 IBM297 IBM420 IBM423 IBM424 IBM437 IBM500
IBM850 IBM851 IBM852 IBM855 IBM856 IBM857 IBM860 IBM861
IBM862 IBM863 IBM864 IBM865 IBM866 IBM866NAV IBM868 IBM869
IBM870 IBM871 IBM874 IBM875 IBM880 IBM891 IBM903 IBM904
IBM905 IBM918 IBM922 IEC_P27‑1 INIS INIS‑8 INIS‑CYRILLIC INVARIANT
ISIRI‑3342
ISO‑8859‑1 ISO‑8859‑10 ISO‑8859‑11 ISO‑8859‑13 ISO‑8859‑14 ISO‑8859‑15 ISO‑8859‑16
ISO‑8859‑2 ISO‑8859‑3 ISO‑8859‑4 ISO‑8859‑5 ISO‑8859‑6 ISO‑8859‑7 ISO‑8859‑8 ISO‑8859‑9
ISO‑IR‑197 ISO‑IR‑209 ISO‑IR‑90 ISO_10367‑BOX ISO_10646 ISO_2033‑1983
ISO_5427 ISO_5427‑EXT
ISO_5428 ISO_646.BASIC ISO_646.IRV
ISO_6937 ISO_6937‑2‑25 ISO_6937‑2‑ADD
ISO_8859‑1,GL ISO_8859‑SUPP IT i
JIS_C6220‑1969‑JP JIS_C6220‑1969‑RO
JIS_C6229‑1984‑A JIS_C6229‑1984‑B JIS_C6229‑1984‑B‑ADD
JIS_C6229‑1984‑HAND JIS_C6229‑1984‑HAND‑ADD
JIS_C6229‑1984‑KANA JIS_X0201
JOHAB JUS_I.B1.002 JUS_I.B1.003‑MAC JUS_I.B1.003‑SERB
KOI‑8 KOI8‑R
KOI8‑T KOI8‑U KSC5636
LATIN‑GREEK LATIN‑GREEK‑1
MAC‑CYRILLIC MAC‑IS MAC‑SAMI MAC‑UK MACINTOSH
MSZ_7795.3
NATS‑DANO NATS‑DANO‑ADD
NATS‑SEFI NATS‑SEFI‑ADD
NC_NC00‑10
NEXTSTEP
NF_Z_62‑010 NF_Z_62‑010_(1973) NF_Z_62‑010_1973 NS_4551‑1 NS_4551‑2
PT PT2
SAMI SAMI‑WS2 SEN_850200_B SEN_850200_C
SHIFT_JIS SHIFT_JISX0213
T.101‑G2 T.61‑7BIT T.61‑8BIT TCVN5712‑1 TIS‑620 TSCII
UTF‑8
VIDEOTEX‑SUPPL VISCII
WIN‑SAMI‑2 WINDOWS‑31J
#include <stdio.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <time.h>
int main(void)
{
char buf[100];
time_t t;
struct tm *timeptr,result;
if ( setlocale(LC_ALL,"POSIX") == NULL ) printf("\n - setLocale POSIX failed \n");
if ( setlocale(LC_ALL,"de_DE") == NULL ) printf("\n - setLocale de_DE failed \n");
if ( setlocale(LC_ALL,"ja_JP") == NULL ) printf("\n - setLocale ja_JP failed \n");
t = time(NULL);
timeptr = localtime(&t);
strftime(buf,sizeof(buf), "%a %m/%d/%Y %r", timeptr);
printf(":: %s ::",buf);
if(strptime(buf, "%a %m/%d/%Y %r",&result) == NULL) printf("\nstrptime failed\n");
else { printf("tm_hour,min: %d:%02d:%02d ",result.tm_hour,result.tm_min,result.tm_sec);
printf("mon/mday/year: %d/%02d/%d, ",result.tm_mon,result.tm_mday, result.tm_year);
printf("yday: %d, ",result.tm_yday);
printf("wday: %d \n",result.tm_wday); }
return 0;
}
With POSIX ::
With de_DE ::Sonntag 09/04/2011 03:35:17 pm:: tm_hour,min: 15:35:17 mon/mday/year: 8/04/111, yday: 32767, wday: 0
With jp_JP :: 日曜日 09/04/2011 03:34:38 PM:: tm_hour,min: 15:34:38 mon/mday/year: 8/04/111, yday: 32767, wday: 0
3rd Berkeley Distribution March 2001