-Ac| Use submit.cf even if the operation mode does not indicate an initial mail submission.
| -Am | Use sendmail.cf even if the operation mode indicates an initial mail submission.
| -Btype | Set the body type to type. Current legal values are 7BIT or 8BITMIME.
| -ba | Go into ARPANET mode. All input lines must end with a CR-LF,
and all messages will be generated with a CR-LF at the end.
Also, the ``From:'' and ``Sender:'' fields are examined for the name of the sender.
| -bd Run as a daemon. Sendmail will fork and run in background listening on socket 25 for incoming SMTP connections.
This is normally run from /etc/rc.
| -bD | Same as -bd except runs in foreground.
| -bh | Print the persistent host status database.
| -bH | Purge expired entries from the persistent host status database.
| -bi | Initialize the alias database.
| -bm | Deliver mail in the usual way (default).
| -bp | Print a listing of the queue(s).
| -bP | Print number of entries in the queue(s); only available with shared memory support.
| -bs | Use the SMTP protocol as described in RFC821 on standard input
and output. This flag implies all the operations of the -ba flag that are compatible with SMTP.
| -bt | Run in address test mode. This mode reads addresses and shows
the steps in parsing; it is used for debugging configuration tables.
| -bv | Verify names only - do not try to collect or deliver a message.
Verify mode is normally used for validating users or mailing lists.
| -Cfile | Use alternate configuration file. Sendmail gives up any
enhanced (set-user-ID or set-group-ID) privileges if an alternate configuration file is specified.
| -D logfile| Send debugging output to the indicated log file instead of stdout.
| -dcategory.level...|
Set the debugging flag for category to level. Category is
either an integer or a name specifying the topic, and level an
integer specifying the level of debugging output desired.
Higher levels generally mean more output. More than one flag
can be specified by separating them with commas. A list of
numeric debugging categories can be found in the TRACEFLAGS file
in the sendmail source distribution.
The option -d0.1 prints the version of sendmail and the options
it was compiled with.
Most other categories are only useful with, and documented in, sendmail's source code.
| -Ffullname| Set the full name of the sender.
| -fname | Sets the name of the ``from'' person (i.e., the envelope sender
of the mail). This address may also be used in the From: header
if that header is missing during initial submission. The envelope sender address is used as the recipient for delivery status
notifications and may also appear in a Return-Path: header. -f
should only be used by ``trusted'' users (normally root, daemon,
and network) or if the person you are trying to become is the
same as the person you are. Otherwise, an X-Authentication- Warning header will be added to the message.
| -G | Relay (gateway) submission of a message, e.g., when rmail calls sendmail .
| -hN | Set the hop count to N. The hop count is incremented every time
the mail is processed. When it reaches a limit, the mail is
returned with an error message, the victim of an aliasing loop.
If not specified, ``Received:'' lines in the message are counted.
| -i | Ignore dots alone on lines by themselves in incoming messages.
This should be set if you are reading data from a file.
| -L tag | Set the identifier used in syslog messages to the supplied tag.
| -N dsn | Set delivery status notification conditions to dsn, which can be
`never' for no notifications or a comma separated list of the
values `failure' to be notified if delivery failed, `delay' to
be notified if delivery is delayed, and `success' to be notified
when the message is successfully delivered.
| -n | Don't do aliasing.
| -O option=value| Set option option to the specified value. This form uses long
names. See below for more details.
| -ox value|
Set option x to the specified value. This form uses single
character names only. The short names are not described in this
manual page; see the Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide for details.
| -pprotocol|
Set the name of the protocol used to receive the message. This
can be a simple protocol name such as ``UUCP'' or a protocol and hostname, such as ``UUCP:ucbvax''.
| -q[time]|
Process saved messages in the queue at given intervals. If time
is omitted, process the queue once. Time is given as a tagged
number, with `s' being seconds, `m' being minutes (default), `h'
being hours, `d' being days, and `w' being weeks. For example,
`-q1h30m' or `-q90m' would both set the timeout to one hour
thirty minutes. By default, sendmail will run in the background. This option can be used safely with -bd.
| -qp[time]|
Similar to -qtime, except that instead of periodically forking a
child to process the queue, sendmail forks a single persistent
child for each queue that alternates between processing the
queue and sleeping. The sleep time is given as the argument; it
defaults to 1 second. The process will always sleep at least 5
seconds if the queue was empty in the previous queue run.
| -qf| Process saved messages in the queue once and do not fork(), but run in the foreground.
| -qGname| Process jobs in queue group called name only.
| -q[!]Isubstr| Limit processed jobs to those containing substr as a substring of the queue id or not when ! is specified.
| -q[!]Qsubstr| Limit processed jobs to quarantined jobs containing substr as a
substring of the quarantine reason or not when ! is specified.
| -q[!]Rsubstr| Limit processed jobs to those containing substr as a substring
of one of the recipients or not when ! is specified.
| -q[!]Ssubstr| Limit processed jobs to those containing substr as a substring
of the sender or not when ! is specified.
| -Q[reason]|
Quarantine a normal queue items with the given reason or unquarantine quarantined queue items if no reason is given. This
should only be used with some sort of item matching using as described above.
| -R return|
Set the amount of the message to be returned if the message
bounces. The return parameter can be `full' to return the
entire message or `hdrs' to return only the headers. In the
latter case also local bounces return only the headers.
| -rname | An alternate and obsolete form of the -f flag.
| -t | Read message for recipients. To:, Cc:, and Bcc: lines will be
scanned for recipient addresses. The Bcc: line will be deleted before transmission.
| -V envid| Set the original envelope id. This is propagated across SMTP to
servers that support DSNs and is returned in DSN-compliant error messages.
| -v| Go into verbose mode. Alias expansions will be announced, etc.
| -X logfile| Log all traffic in and out of mailers in the indicated log file.
This should only be used as a last resort for debugging mailer bugs. It will log a lot of data very quickly.
| -- | Stop processing command flags and use the rest of the arguments as addresses.
| |
Options
There are also a number of processing options that may be set. Nor-
mally these will only be used by a system administrator. Options may
be set either on the command line using the -o flag (for short names),
the -O flag (for long names), or in the configuration file. This is a
partial list limited to those options that are likely to be useful on
the command line and only shows the long names; for a complete list
(and details), consult the Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide.
The options are:
|
|---|
AliasFile=file|
Use alternate alias file.
| HoldExpensive|
On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to connect to,
don't initiate immediate connection. This requires queueing.
| CheckpointInterval=N|
Checkpoint the queue file after every N successful deliveries
(default 10). This avoids excessive duplicate deliveries when
sending to long mailing lists interrupted by system crashes.
| DeliveryMode=x|
Set the delivery mode to x. Delivery modes are `i' for interac-
tive (synchronous) delivery, `b' for background (asynchronous)
delivery, `q' for queue only - i.e., actual delivery is done the
next time the queue is run, and `d' for deferred - the same as
`q' except that database lookups for maps which have set the -D
option (default for the host map) are avoided.
| ErrorMode=x|
Set error processing to mode x. Valid modes are `m' to mail
back the error message, `w' to ``write'' back the error message
(or mail it back if the sender is not logged in), `p' to print
the errors on the terminal (default), `q' to throw away error
messages (only exit status is returned), and `e' to do special
processing for the BerkNet. If the text of the message is not
mailed back by modes `m' or `w' and if the sender is local to
this machine, a copy of the message is appended to the file
dead.letter in the sender's home directory.
| SaveFromLine|
Save UNIX-style From lines at the front of messages.
| MaxHopCount=N|
The maximum number of times a message is allowed to ``hop''
before we decide it is in a loop.
| IgnoreDots|
Do not take dots on a line by themselves as a message termina-
tor.
| SendMimeErrors|
Send error messages in MIME format. If not set, the DSN (Deliv-
ery Status Notification) SMTP extension is disabled.
| ConnectionCacheTimeout=timeout|
Set connection cache timeout.
| ConnectionCacheSize=N|
Set connection cache size.
| LogLevel=n|
The log level.
| MeToo=False|
Don't send to ``me'' (the sender) if I am in an alias expansion.
| CheckAliases|
Validate the right hand side of aliases during a newaliases(1)
command.
| OldStyleHeaders|
If set, this message may have old style headers. If not set,
this message is guaranteed to have new style headers (i.e., com-
mas instead of spaces between addresses). If set, an adaptive
algorithm is used that will correctly determine the header for-
mat in most cases.
| QueueDirectory=queuedir|
Select the directory in which to queue messages.
| StatusFile=file|
Save statistics in the named file.
| Timeout.queuereturn=time|
Set the timeout on undelivered messages in the queue to the
specified time. After delivery has failed (e.g., because of a
host being down) for this amount of time, failed messages will
be returned to the sender. The default is five days.
| UserDatabaseSpec=userdatabase|
If set, a user database is consulted to get forwarding informa-
tion. You can consider this an adjunct to the aliasing mecha-
nism, except that the database is intended to be distributed;
aliases are local to a particular host. This may not be avail-
able if your sendmail does not have the USERDB option compiled
in.
| ForkEachJob|
Fork each job during queue runs. May be convenient on memory-
poor machines.
| SevenBitInput|
Strip incoming messages to seven bits.
| EightBitMode=mode|
Set the handling of eight bit input to seven bit destinations to
mode: m (mimefy) will convert to seven-bit MIME format, p (pass)
will pass it as eight bits (but violates protocols), and s
(strict) will bounce the message.
| MinQueueAge=timeout|
Sets how long a job must ferment in the queue between attempts
to send it.
| DefaultCharSet=charset|
Sets the default character set used to label 8-bit data that is
not otherwise labelled.
| DialDelay=sleeptime|
If opening a connection fails, sleep for sleeptime seconds and
try again. Useful on dial-on-demand sites.
| NoRecipientAction=action|
Set the behaviour when there are no recipient headers (To:, Cc:
or Bcc:) in the message to action: none leaves the message
unchanged, add-to adds a To: header with the envelope recipi-
ents, add-apparently-to adds an Apparently-To: header with the
envelope recipients, add-bcc adds an empty Bcc: header, and add-
to-undisclosed adds a header reading `To: undisclosed-recipi-
ents:;'.
| MaxDaemonChildren=N|
Sets the maximum number of children that an incoming SMTP daemon
will allow to spawn at any time to N.
| ConnectionRateThrottle=N|
Sets the maximum number of connections per second to the SMTP
port to N.
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