dig - DNS lookup utility
Domain Information Groper (gatherer)

dig [gobal opts]    hostname […]

[-t type] A MX NS SOA HINFO TXT SIG SSHFP PRT RRSIG OPT CAA AAAA ANY AXF [type] [queryopt …] [-x addr] lookup this IP address [@server] [-p port#] [-c class] [class] [-y [hmac:]tname:key] [-f digCommandFile] [-4] [-6] [-q name] sets query name [-b sourceAddress] [-k keyFile]

The completness of the response will vary from server to server and query to query!! To get the truth direct the query to the first NS(name server) dig @`dig NS hostname +short|head -1` hostname -t ANY TTL is in seconds: 3600=1hour. 14400= 4hours; 86400 = 1day; For secondary servers this is the time REMAINING

> dig NS pppg.org ask any server ;; ANSWER SECTION: pppg.org. 3600† IN† NS ns64.domaincontrol.com. pppg.org. 3600 IN NS ns63.domaincontrol.com.

> dig @ns63.DOMAINCONTROL.COM ANY pppg.org ask the domain's Name Server pppg.org. 86400   3600† IN SOA ns63.domaincontrol.com. dns.omax.net. 2011013007† 28800† 7200† 604800† 86400† pppg.org. 3600 IN A 64.202.189.170 pppg.org. 3600 IN NS ns63.domaincontrol.com. pppg.org. 3600 IN NS ns64.domaincontrol.com. pppg.org. 3600 IN MX 0 smtp.secureserver.net. pppg.org. 3600 IN MX 10 mailstore1.secureserver.net. pppg.org. 3789 HINFO "ANY/RRSIG query Disabled" "See draft-ietf-dnsop-refuse-any" ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns64.domaincontrol.com. 2897 IN A 208.109.255.42 ns63.domaincontrol.com. 597 IN A 216.69.185.42 smtp.secureserver.net. 208 IN A 72.167.238.201

Batch mode of operation from a file or use multiple lookups from the command line.

By default uses servers in /etc/resolv.conf (which may have come from DHCP server)

User defaults in ${HOME}/.digrc are applied before the command line arguments.

Output is in a form suitable for use in named.conf
with commentary information prefixed with ; which will be treated as comments.

hostname	resource record(s) to be looked up.
server	name or IP address of the Name Server to query. Defaults from /etc/resolv.conf Server hostname is permitted. IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or IPv6 in colon-delimited notation.

-t type type … some servers REFUSED multiple type codes	A AAAA MX NS SOA HINFO TXT SIG SSHFP PRT RRSIG OPT CAA ANY AXF ( ANY does not include SRV) DNS may refuse or provide minimal response to ANY see IETF comment on RFC1035 rfc8482    Try querying the Name Server for more records. ANY show all records Default: A MX server for email messages, Format: … MX prio host where the server with the lowest priority is prefered. TXT may contain information including Sender Policy Framework to prevent sender address forgery check spr record more details at DMarcian       example: v=spf1 a mx ip4:67.228.235.89 ?all DMARC DKIM crypt string used by some services to prove that the requester of some DNS related service has the rights to alter the DNS settings. for example DocUSign any arbitrary data SRV query must be of form _service._protocol.host for example: with LDAP, Kerbos, SIP wikipedia SOA Start Of Authority name of the server that supplied the data for the zone; the administrator of the zone; the current version of the data file; the number of seconds a secondary name server should wait before checking for updates; the number of seconds a secondary name server should wait before retrying a failed zone transfer; the maximum number of seconds that a secondary name server can use data before it must either be refreshed or expire; and a default number of seconds for the time-to-live file on resource records. AAAA IPv6 address SIG provides signature (validation) data for another RRSet SSHFP secure Shell key for verification see ssh,ssh-keygen CAA Certification Authority Authorization certificate authorities (CAs) allowed to issue certificates for . OPT PTR reverse records AXFR requests a zone transfer Usually denied. IXFR=nnnnnnnn. incremental zone transfer Usually denied contains the changes made to the zone since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was nnnnnnnn. Frequently the serial number used is in the form; yyyymmddNN where NN is incremented each time the conf is changed in a given day. see BIND . IETF rfc1995bis
@ server	Ask a specific DNS server dig @dns2.midphase.com cccu.us
-x iii.iii.iii.iii	reverse lookup; maps addresses to names YouGetSignal tool (Data base of DNS, retrieves all domains at IP x.x.x.x) like 216.40.47.26.in-addr.arpa and sets query type to PTR and class to IN(??) . By default, IPv6 addresses are looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
-f filename	read requests from filename . Using the same format as a command.
-q name	sets the query name to distingish the name from other arguments.
-c class	Default IN internet. HS Hesiod or CH Chaosnet
-4 -6	use IPv4 query transport. use IPv6
-b address[#port]	sets the source IP address or O.O.O.O or xx:xx:xx:xx.
-p port	Default 53.
-k keyfile	Sign DNS queries and responses using transaction signatures (TSIG)
-y hmac tname key	TSIG hmac type of TSIG, default HMAC†-MD5 alternate:-SHDA1 tname the name of the key key base-64 encoded string     (typically generated by dnssec-keygen(8)). Note: The key is visible from ps or the shell's history file. When using TSIG authentication the name server needs to know the key and algorithm that is being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate key and server statements in named.conf.
-i x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x	use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain Bit string labels (RFC2874) are not attempted.
-h	help

Options affecting Output

Supressing some output is useful when comparing queries that are expected to be the same.
For example since ttl keeps changing and stats includes the current time, including them will result in differences which are not significant.
Simularly outputting version identification can be supressed using +nocmd

+[no]​all	Set or clear all output flags. > /usr/bin/dig canalrace.org +all ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 50353 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;canalrace.org. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: canalrace.org. 12710 IN A 174.127.119.33 ;; Query time: 20 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Mar 14 15:48:31 2017 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 47 As +noall turns off everything it should be followed by another keyword.
+no​comments	nocomments supress lines like: ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 50353 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;; ANSWER SECTION:
+short	as cut -f 5- implies nocomments > /usr/bin/dig +short -t any canalrace.org ns14.midphase.com. hostmaster.midphase.com. 2015101800 86400 7200 604800 600 ns15.midphase.com. ns16.midphase.com. ns14.midphase.com. "v=spf1 +a +mx +ip4:209.236.71.17 +ip4:174.127.119.33 ~all" 0 canalrace.org. 174.127.119.33
+no​cmd	dig version and options. Use as a global option. ; <<>> DiG 9.3.4-P1 <<>> ;; global options: printcmd
+qr	query as it is reqeusted. Default: noqr ;; Sending: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 62753 ;; flags: rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
+no​question	dig @dns1.midphase.com cccu.us +noall +question ;cccu.us. IN A
+no​answer	dig @dns1.midphase.com cccu.us +noall +answer ;; ANSWER SECTION: cccu.us. 14407 IN A 174.127.119.33
+no​additional	dig @dns1.midphase.com cccu.us +noall +addi ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: dns1.midphase.com. 86400 IN A 67.213.216.225 dns2.midphase.com. 86400 IN A 69.4.235.113
+no​authority	dig @dns1.midphase.com cccu.us +noall +auth ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: cccu.us. 86400 IN NS dns2.midphase.com. cccu.us. 86400 IN NS dns1.midphase.com.
+no​stats	Performance of responding server ;; Query time: 2 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.80.11#53(10.0.80.11) ;; WHEN: Fri Nov 13 22:42:39 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 294
+identify	IP address and port that supplied the answer when short is enabled. Default: noid 67.228.235.89 from server 10.0.80.11 in 1 ms.
+nocl	nocl supresses column 3 (usually IN)
+no​multiline	records like the SOA in verbose multi-line format with human-readable comments. 119.127.174.in-addr.arpa. 10788 IN SOA dns1.midphase.com. hostmaster.midphase.com. ( 2010091964 ; serial 86400 ; refresh (1 day) 7200 ; retry (2 hours) 3600000 ; expire (5 weeks 6 days 16 hours) 86400 ; minimum (1 day) ) nomultiline uses [tab] to seperate fields Multiline uses spaces. 119.127.174.in-addr.arpa. 10800 IN SOA dns1.midphase.com. hostmaster.midphase.com. 2010091964 86400 7200 3600000 86400† Default output each record on a single line, to facilitate parsing.

QUERY OPTIONS

Some of these set or reset flag bits in the query header

keywords are preceded by a plus (+).
keywords which set or reset an option and may be preceded by no.
keywords which assign values to options (like the timeout interval), have the form keyword=value.

+no​nssearch	determines authoritative Name Servers for the zone and SOA /usr/bin/dig pppg.us +nss SOA dns1.midphase.com. hostmaster.midphase.com. 2017112706 86400 7200 604800 600 from server 98.158.191.172 in 26 ms. SOA dns1.midphase.com. hostmaster.midphase.com. 2017112706 86400 7200 604800 600 from server 69.4.235.113 in 72 ms.
+no​domain=somename	Set the search list to contain the single domain somename, as if specified in a domain directive in /etc/resolv.conf, and enable search list processing as if search were given.
+no​search	Use the search list in searchlist or domain directive in resolv.conf . not used by default.
+no​showsearch	show intermediate results.
+no​trace	Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers . Initaly disabled. > dig -t any +showsearch +trace real-world-systems.com ; << DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 << -t any +showsearch +trace real-world-systems.com ;; global options: +cmd . 3600 IN NS FWDR-12.FWDR-0.FWDR-250.FWDR-71. . 3600 IN NS FWDR-12.FWDR-161.FWDR-237.FWDR-68. ;; Received 203 bytes from 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1) in 8 ms com. 77665 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net. com. 77665 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net. … com. 77665 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net. ;; Received 472 bytes from 68.237.161.12#53(FWDR-12.FWDR-161.FWDR-237.FWDR-68) in 19 ms real-world-systems.com. 172800 IN NS ns3.midphase.com. real-world-systems.com. 172800 IN NS ns4.midphase.com. ;; Received 117 bytes from 192.26.92.30#53(c.gtld-servers.net) in 10 ms real-world-systems.com. 600 IN TXT "v=spf1 ip4:174.36.146.71 a mx ip4:206.46.173.1/24 ?all" real-world-systems.com. 600 IN MX 0 real-world-systems.com. real-world-systems.com. 600 IN SOA dns1.midphase.com. dnsadmin.business3.midphase.com. 2011022107 14400 7200 3600000 86400 real-world-systems.com. 600 IN NS dns1.midphase.com. real-world-systems.com. 600 IN NS dns2.midphase.com. real-world-systems.com. 600 IN A 174.127.70.94 ;; Received 289 bytes from 67.213.216.225#53(ns3.midphase.com) in 16 ms
+no​recurse	Toggle RD (recursion desired) . Initally set. Recursion is disabled when nssearch or trace are used.
+no​aaonly	Sets aa
+no​aaflag	+noaaonly.
+time=s	Timeout. min 1 second. Default: 15 seconds! DNS response from local router may be in the range of .01-.20 for a cached entry, .3 for uncached .com
+tries=T	for UDP queries. Default: 3.
+retry=r	retry UDP Default: 2. does not include the initial query.
+ndots=D	the number of dots in name for it to be absolute. Default: 1 or ndots statement in /etc/resolv.conf. Names with fewer dots are relative and will be searched for in the domains listed in the search or domain directive in /etc/resolv.conf.
Heavy options used when there's a real problem (not for the faint hearted)
+no​fail	Do not try the next server if SERVFAIL is received. Default: fail.
+tcp	Use TCP when querying name servers. Default UDP, except for AXFR or IXFR .
+bufsize=bytes	UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 0-65535. Values other than zero causes an EDNS query to be sent.
+edns=#	EDNS version to query with. 0 - 255. Setting the EDNS version causes an EDNS query to be sent. noedns clears the EDNS version.
+vc	aka tcp "virtual circuit"
+no​besteffort	output the contents of messages which are malformed. Default don't.
+no​ignore	Ignore truncation in UDP responses. Default: retry with TCP query
+no​dnssec	Requests DNSSEC records (DO)
+no​cdflag	Checking Disabled. requests the server not to perform DNSSEC validation of responses.
+sigchase	Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHSE.
trusted-key=xxxx	Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with sigchase. Each DNSKEY record must be on its own line. If not specified dig will look for /etc/trusted-key.key then trusted-key.key in the current directory. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
+notopdown	When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top down validation. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
adflag	AD (authentic data) meaningful in responses, not in queries
defname	Deprecated, treated as a synonym for search

Multiple Queries

Each query argument represents an individual query in the command-line syntax, consisting of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options applied to that query.

Global query options, applied to all queries,
precede the first hostname, class, type, options, flags, and query options can be overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:

dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr

1. Global query option +qr is applied, so the initial query it made for each lookup.
   
2. an ANY query for www.isc.org,
3. a reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and
4. a query for the NS records of isc.org.
5. a local query option of +noqr not output the initial query when it looks up isc.org.
   

IDN SUPPORT

tip: The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level domains names.

FILES

${HOME}/.digrc

See host, named, dnssec-keygen, RFC1035.

Help

 dig [@global-server] [domain] [q-type] [q-class] {q-opt}
            {global-d-opt} host [@local-server] {local-d-opt}
                         [ host [@local-server] {local-d-opt} …

Where:  
domain    is in the Domain Name System
q-class  one of: in, hs, ch,… default: in
q-type   one of: any, a, mx, ns, soa, hinfo, axf, txt,… default:a
                 Use ixfr=version for type ixfr
q-opt  :
-q name  -t type   -c class      
-f filename         batch mode
-x dot-notation     shortcut for in-addr lookups
-i                  IP6.INT reverse IPv6 lookups
-b address#port  bind to source address/port
-p port          
-4 -6         use IPv4/IPv6 query transport only

d-opt    is of the form +keyword=value, where keyword is:
vc    tcp            TCP mode aka Virtual Circuit

+time=###       timeout 5 sec.
+tries=###      UDP attempts 3        +retry=### UDP retries 2
+domain=###     default domainname
+bufsize=###    EDNS0 Max UDP packet size
+ndots=###         
+edns=###         
search         Set whether to use searchlist
showsearch     Search with intermediate results
defname  
recurse   
ignore         Don't revert to TCP for TC responses
fail           Don't try next server on SERVFAIL
besteffort     Try to parse even illegal messages

all            Set or clear all output flags
aaonly         Set AA flag in query aaflag
adflag         Set AD       
cdflag         Set CD 

cmd            output command line
qr             output question before sending 
cl             output class 

comments       question     answer       
authority      additional   stats      

short          ttlid  (ommits type=txt)
nssearch       Search all authoritative nameservers
identify       ID responders in short answers
trace          Trace delegation down from root
multiline      output records in an expanded format

dnssec         Request DNSSEC records
-k keyfile          specify tsig key file
-y [hmac:]name:key  (specify named base64 tsig key)

global d-opts and servers (before host name) affect all queries.
local  d-opts and servers (after host name)  affect only that lookup.




 

 7/13/19        
 /usr/bin/dig   @`/usr/bin/dig +short Real-World-Systems.com -t NS  | head -1` Real-World-Systems.com -t A MX TXT NS SOA  
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 41712
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 8, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 4

Real-World-Systems.com. 14400   MX  20 spamalizer.midphase.com.
Real-World-Systems.com. 14400   TXT "v=spf1 +a +mx +ip4:209.236.71.20 +ip4:209.95.59.175 +ip4:209.236.71.17 +ip4:174.127.119.33  ~all"
Real-World-Systems.com. 86400   NS  ns14.midphase.com.
Real-World-Systems.com. 86400   NS  ns15.midphase.com.
Real-World-Systems.com. 14407   A   209.95.59.175
Real-World-Systems.com. 86400   NS  ns16.midphase.com.
Real-World-Systems.com. 3600    MX  17 Real-World-Systems.com.
Real-World-Systems.com. 600 SOA ns14.midphase.com. domainmaster.uk2group.com. 2016120500 14400 7200 3600000 600

;; Query time: 61 msec
;; SERVER: 69.36.161.36#53(69.36.161.36)
;; WHEN: Sat Jul 13 08:12:34 EDT 2019



 8/16/17 (notice OPT PSEDUOSECTION)
>usr/bin/dig $RWS -t any
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 13645
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 7, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 4

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4000
;; ANSWER SECTION:
Real-World-Systems.com. 600 IN  SOA ns14.midphase.com. domainmaster.uk2group.com. 2016120500 14400 7200 3600000 600
Real-World-Systems.com. 14400   IN  TXT "v=spf1 +a +mx +ip4:209.236.71.17 +ip4:174.127.119.33 ~all"
Real-World-Systems.com. 86400   IN  NS  ns16.midphase.com.
Real-World-Systems.com. 86400   IN  NS  ns14.midphase.com.
Real-World-Systems.com. 86400   IN  NS  ns15.midphase.com.
Real-World-Systems.com. 14400   IN  MX  0 spamalizer.midphase.com.
Real-World-Systems.com. 14407   IN  A   174.127.119.33

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns14.midphase.com.  886 IN  A   69.36.163.232
ns15.midphase.com.  12625   IN  A   69.36.161.36
ns16.midphase.com.  10893   IN  A   69.36.161.37

;; Query time: 187 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Aug 16 15:28:16 EDT 2017
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 336



dig +noall +answer -t any real-world-systems.com
real-world-systems.com. 14114   IN  TXT     "v=spf1 a mx ip4:67.228.235.89 ?all"
real-world-systems.com. 13835   IN  A       67.228.235.89
real-world-systems.com. 13835   IN  MX      0 real-world-systems.com.
real-world-systems.com. 53938   IN  NS      dns2.midphase.com.
real-world-systems.com. 53938   IN  NS      dns1.midphase.com.

+++ 2/15/12   from  MI424WR router  (repeated queries returns only A record or A,TXT,INx2,SOA and MX records go figure

dig +noall +answer -t any real-world-systems.com
real-world-systems.com. 600 IN  TXT "v=spf1 ip4:209.236.71.17 ip4:174.36.146.71 a mx ip4:206.46.173.1/24 ?all"
real-world-systems.com. 600 IN  A   174.127.119.33
real-world-systems.com. 86400   IN  NS  dns2.midphase.com.
real-world-systems.com. 86400   IN  NS  dns1.midphase.com.
real-world-systems.com. 600 IN  SOA dns1.midphase.com. cpanel-admin.midphase.com. 2012021503 14400 7200 3600000 86400
real-world-systems.com. 600 IN  MX  0 real-world-systems.com.


 dig +noall +answer -t any real-world-systems.com
real-world-systems.com. 2981    IN  TXT "v=spf1 ip4:209.236.71.17 ip4:174.36.146.71 a mx ip4:206.46.173.1/24 ?all"
real-world-systems.com. 76534   IN  NS  dns1.midphase.com.
real-world-systems.com. 76534   IN  NS  dns2.midphase.com.

compare gardenStateAudubonCouncil

cccu.us.        86367   IN  RRSIG   NSEC 5 2 86400 20110219155930 20110120152137 4787 US. 
   FVbkawbzpPd5cKbvj24QSZJ1hDVawkohCA3+65kIVhZBp5EVqa6U0hjl 
   +oP3ZMTYCM0v38ezLOKuKBZR0+rRS6UUaN+TWC77EoGY85LGe+o9Sz4x 
   BXULGzhPzobdw1Rk1FrDLdo/MYNMjAe5946JXozyxVXJiqZJt+VGa9KC LpU=
cccu.us.        86367   IN  NSEC    CCCUN.us. NS RRSIG NSEC

Sample /etc/resolve.conf

domain Germans
nameserver 192.168.1.1
nameserver 71.250.0.12 

cPanel creates autodiscovery. and autoconfiguration./code> records records enable the Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbird e-mail clients to automatically discover and configure access to e-mail accounts.

Errors