diskutil partition manager for apple mac OS X

Disk Utility Tool (Mac OS X )

Command line Utility to manage local disks and volumes.

Options which make changes require ownership or root and most are DESTRUCTIVE!

Manipulates the volume-level structure of local disks.

Provides information about, and allows the administration of, the partitioning scheme of disks, optical discs, and RAID sets.

diskutil <verb> <options>

list partitions APFS
information
monitor activity
- repair verify
- mountDisk / unmountDisk all mountable volumes
- verifyDisk repairDisk
- eject
- erase zero secureErase eraseOptical randomDisk (writing random data to the media) secureErase
- partitionDisk removing all volumes
- split
- merge
- delete partition (not available!)
- mount/umount
- reformat
- resizeVolume
- verifyVolume
- repairVolume
- eraseVolume
- newVolume :format unallocated space as FAT32, then erase (which creates new!)
enableJournal/disableJournal/moveJournal HFS+
enableOwnership/ disableOwnership
RAID
- createRAID
- enableRAID Convert a disk to a degraded RAID mirror set
- convertRAID Convert a RAID 1.x pre-Tiger to a RAID 2.x Tiger
- updateRAID Update settings
- addToRAID Add a spare or member disk
- removeFromRAID Remove a spare or member disk
- checkRAID
- repairMirror Repair damaged set
- destroyRAID
coreStorage

diskutil verb provides help

`vol`reference

disk identifier disk*, e.g. disk1s9.
device node entry containing the disk identifier. disk*, e.g. /dev/disk2s0.
volume mount point. /Volumes/*, e.g. /Volumes/Untitled.
Universally Unique Identifier or UUID. e.g. 85D67001-D93E-3687-A1C2-79D677F0C2E0

Disk Identifier

Device unit, session on that device, or a partition (slice) .

Form : diskU, diskUsS, diskUsQ, or diskUsQsS, where U, S, and Q are decimal integers .

Uis the device unit. It may refer to hardware (e.g. a hard drive, optical drive, or memory card) or a "drive" constructed by software (For Example: an AppleRAID set or a disk image).
Sslice; aka partition. The area that contains a file system .
It may contain specialized data for database programs, or data required for the system software (e.g. EFI or booter partitions, or APM partition map data).
Qsession for optical media; (number of times recording has taken place).

The forms for optical session and partition are the same and are distinguished by context.

Some units (e.g. floppy disks, RAID sets) contain filesystem data upon their "whole" device instead of containing a partitioning scheme with partitions.

The top-to-botom appearance of partitions shows the on-disk ordering.
Disk identifiers need not appear in slice-numerical order.

`list [-plist ] diskU [internal \| external] [physical \| virtual]`	sudo diskutil list # mojave 10.14.3 Beta(18D32a) 1/23/19 Password: /dev/disk0 (internal, physical): #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme 121.3 GB disk0 1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_APFS Container disk2 75.0 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_APFS Container disk3 42.0 GB disk0s3 4: Apple_APFS Container disk1 4.1 GB disk0s4 (unused) /dev/disk1 (synthesized): #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: APFS Container Scheme - +4.1 GB disk1 Physical Store disk0s4 1: APFS Volume Untitled* 692.2 KB disk1s1 free /dev/disk2 (synthesized): #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: APFS Container Scheme - +75.0 GB disk2 Physical Store disk0s2 notice there is no disk2s0 1: APFS Volume Macintosh HD 28.7 GB disk2s1 2: APFS Volume DATA 28.0 GB disk2s2 3: APFS Volume Preboot 46.1 MB disk2s3 4: APFS Volume Recovery 516.8 MB disk2s4 5: APFS Volume VM 1.1 GB disk2s5 /dev/disk3 (synthesized): #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: APFS Container Scheme - +42.0 GB disk3 Physical Store disk0s3 notice there is no disk3s0 1: APFS Volume Untitled 5.2 GB disk3s1 2: APFS Volume Photos 28.1 GB disk3s2 sudo diskutil list physical \|grep FD # see SD card 0: FDisk_partition_scheme *31.9 GB disk2
`info [-plist] vol \| -all`	^† sudo diskutil info -all Device Identifier: disk0 Device Node: /dev/disk0 Whole: Yes Part of Whole: disk0 Device / Media Name: APPLE SSD SM0128G Volume Name: Not applicable (no file system) Mounted: Not applicable (no file system) File System: None Content (IOContent): GUID_partition_scheme OS Can Be Installed: No Media Type: Generic Protocol: PCI SMART Status: Verified Disk Size: 121.3 GB (121332826112 Bytes) (exactly 236978176 512-Byte-Units) Device Block Size: 512 Bytes Read-Only Media: No Read-Only Volume: Not applicable (no file system) Device Location: Internal Removable Media: Fixed Solid State: Yes Virtual:No Hardware AES Support: No ******** notice there ins no disk0s0 Device Identifier: disk0s1 Device Node: /dev/disk0s1 Whole: No Part of Whole: disk0 Volume Name: EFI Mounted: No Partition Type: EFI File System Personality: MS-DOS FAT32 Type (Bundle):msdos Name (User Visible): MS-DOS (FAT32) OS Can Be Installed: No Volume UUID: 0E239BC6-F960-3107-89CF-1C97F78BB46B Disk / Partition UUID: AC5B425C-8B83-4D99-85DA-F671ED24C69B Partition Offset: 20480 Bytes (40 512-Byte-Device-Blocks) Disk Size: 209.7 MB (209715200 Bytes) (exactly 409600 512-Byte-Units) Volume Total Space: 0 B Volume Free Space: 0 B ****** Device Identifier: disk0s2 Device Node: /dev/disk0s2 Whole:No Part of Whole:disk0 File System: None Partition Type: Apple_APFS Disk / Partition UUID: 780BB21F-50E3-4055-ACB6-819615DAA3C9 Partition Offset: 209735680 Bytes (409640 512-Byte-Device-Blocks) Disk Size: 75.0 GB (74999996416 Bytes) (exactly 146484368 512-Byte-Units) ****** Device Identifier: disk0s3 Device Node: /dev/disk0s3 File System: None SMART Status: Verified Disk / Partition UUID: E32591C5-D2C5-497A-AE3B-FD29B314A5E8 Partition Offset: 75209732096 Bytes (146894008 512-Byte-Device-Blocks) Disk Size: 42.0 GB (42014871552 Bytes) (exactly 82060296 512-Byte-Units) ****** Device Identifier: disk0s4 Device Node: /dev/disk0s4 File System: None Disk / Partition UUID: 10790A23-1FD1-4F17-8C61-B741A9E4EC7A Partition Offset: 117224603648 Bytes (228954304 512-Byte-Device-Blocks) Disk Size: 4.1 GB (4108201984 Bytes) (exactly 8023832 512-Byte-Units) ****** Device Identifier: disk1 Device Node: /dev/disk1 Whole: Yes Device / Media Name: APPLE SSD SM0128G File System: None Content (IOContent): EF57347C-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC Disk / Partition UUID: C7D4F5C5-06F7-4583-983A-0B7859237AB5 Disk Size: 4.1 GB (4108201984 Bytes) (exactly 8023832 512-Byte-Units) Device Block Size: 4096 Bytes Virtual: Yes ****** Device Identifier: disk1s1 Device Node: /dev/disk1s1 Volume Name: Untitled Mounted: Yes Mount Point: /Volumes/Untitled Partition Type: 41504653-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC File System Personality: Case-sensitive APFS Type (Bundle): apfs Name (User Visible): APFS (Case-sensitive) Owners: Enabled OS Can Be Installed: Yes Media Type: Generic Volume UUID: 170A8371-1B3B-44CE-B9DA-85AE83B14FDA Disk / Partition UUID: 170A8371-1B3B-44CE-B9DA-85AE83B14FDA Disk Size: 4.1 GB (4108201984 Bytes) (exactly 8023832 512-Byte-Units) Device Block Size: 4096 Bytes Volume Total Space: 4.1 GB (4108201984 Bytes) (exactly 8023832 512-Byte-Units) Volume Used Space: 17.0 MB (17043456 Bytes) (exactly 33288 512-Byte-Units) (0.4%) Volume Free Space: 4.1 GB (4091158528 Bytes) (exactly 7990544 512-Byte-Units) (99.6%) Allocation Block Size: 4096 Bytes Read-Only Volume: No ****** Device Identifier: disk2 Device Node: /dev/disk2 File System: None Content (IOContent): EF57347C-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC OS Can Be Installed: No Disk / Partition UUID: 39006797-0013-4FEB-8193-80E5EC146449 Disk Size: 75.0 GB (74999996416 Bytes) (exactly 146484368 512-Byte-Units) Device Block Size: 4096 Bytes Virtual: Yes ****** Device Identifier: disk2s1 Device Node: /dev/disk2s1 Volume Name: Macintosh HD Mount Point: / Partition Type: 41504653-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC File System Personality: Case-sensitive APFS Type (Bundle): apfs Name (User Visible): APFS (Case-sensitive) Owners: Enabled OS Can Be Installed: Yes Booter Disk: disk2s3 Recovery Disk: disk2s4 Volume UUID: 3D80E1A2-9E5D-4551-B0FA-86BB56F7D45C Disk / Partition UUID: 3D80E1A2-9E5D-4551-B0FA-86BB56F7D45C Volume Total Space: 75.0 GB (74999996416 Bytes) (exactly 146484368 512-Byte-Units) Volume Used Space: 58.5 GB (58476572672 Bytes) (exactly 114212056 512-Byte-Units) (78.0%) Volume Free Space: 16.5 GB (16523423744 Bytes) (exactly 32272312 512-Byte-Units) (22.0%) Allocation Block Size: 4096 Bytes ****** Device Identifier: disk2s2 Device Node: /dev/disk2s2 Volume Name: DATA Mount Point: /Volumes/DATA Partition Type: 415… File System Personality: APFS Type (Bundle): apfs Name (User Visible): APFS Owners: Enabled OS Can Be Installed: Yes Booter Disk: disk2s3 Recovery Disk: disk2s4 Volume UUID: 209066D7-AAD7-46FB-AC09-7FDADA96A54C Disk / Partition UUID: 209066D7-AAD7-46FB-AC09-7FDADA96A54C ****** Device Identifier: disk2s3 Device Node: /dev/disk2s3 Volume Name: Preboot Partition Type: 415… File System Personality: APFS … Owners: Disabled Volume UUID: EFB6D4D4-B18A-4EF6-998B-B7CC3F78840E Disk / Partition UUID: EFB6D4D4-B18A-4EF6-998B-B7CC3F78840E Volume Total Space: 0 B ****** Device Identifier: disk2s4 Device Node: /dev/disk2s4 Volume Name: Recovery Partition Type: 415… File System Personality: APFS … Owners: Disabled Volume UUID: D20E8594-9FBC-4A31-B3F8-2AA1D5BE4BAC Disk / Partition UUID: D20E8594-9FBC-4A31-B3F8-2AA1D5BE4BAC Volume Total Space: 0 B ****** Device Identifier: disk2s5 Device Node: /dev/disk2s5 Volume Name: VM Mount Point: /private/var/vm Partition Type: 415… File System Personality: APFS… Owners: Enabled Volume UUID: 32455EB5-06F0-4ABB-8C68-D5B2065BCFDB Disk / Partition UUID: 32455EB5-06F0-4ABB-8C68-D5B2065BCFDB Volume Used Space: 58.5 GB (58476572672 Bytes) (exactly 114212056 512-Byte-Units) (78.0%) Volume Free Space: 16.5 GB (16523423744 Bytes) (exactly 32272312 512-Byte-Units) (22.0%) Allocation Block Size: 4096 Bytes ****** Device Identifier: disk3 Device Node: /dev/disk3 File System: None Content (IOContent): EF57347C-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC Disk / Partition UUID: 0188CCBD-2008-4DD8-A45D-85874CE5DDFB Disk Size: 42.0 GB (42014871552 Bytes) (exactly 82060296 512-Byte-Units) Device Block Size: 4096 Bytes Virtual: Yes ****** Device Identifier: disk3s1 Device Node: /dev/disk3s1 Volume Name: Untitled Mount Point: /Volumes/Untitled 1 Partition Type: 415… File System Personality: Case-sensitive APFS Owners: Enabled OS Can Be Installed: Yes Volume UUID: E45F0503-5B3B-4EE7-85E3-D3609B3AF1EB Disk / Partition UUID: E45F0503-5B3B-4EE7-85E3-D3609B3AF1EB Volume Total Space: 42.0 GB (42014871552 Bytes) (exactly 82060296 512-Byte-Units) Volume Used Space: 33.4 GB (33418911744 Bytes) (exactly 65271312 512-Byte-Units) (79.5%) Volume Free Space: 8.6 GB (8595959808 Bytes) (exactly 16788984 512-Byte-Units) (20.5%) Allocation Block Size: 4096 Bytes ****** Device Identifier: disk3s2 Device Node: /dev/disk3s2 Volume Name: Photos Mount Point: /Volumes/Photos Partition Type: 415… File System Personality: Case-sensitive APFS Owners: Enabled OS Can Be Installed: Yes Volume UUID: 9C3465C9-5EB7-485F-A39D-352A6E7E6EA2 Disk / Partition UUID: 9C3465C9-5EB7-485F-A39D-352A6E7E6EA2 Volume Total Space: 42.0 GB (42014871552 Bytes) (exactly 82060296 512-Byte-Units) Volume Used Space: 33.4 GB (33418911744 Bytes) (exactly 65271312 512-Byte-Units) (79.5%) Volume Free Space: 8.6 GB (8595959808 Bytes) (exactly 16788984 512-Byte-Units) (20.5%) Allocation Block Size: 4096 Bytes ********
`activity`	Continuously display system-wide disk manipulation activity as reported by the Disk Arbitration framework, Coming on-line, being ejected, volumes being mounted or unmounted, volumes being renamed, etc. until interrupted with a `int`signal (^C). For debugging such as the monitoring of applications dissenting (attempting to deny) activities for disks for which they have registered an interest, use the logging features of the diskarbitrationd
`mount [readOnly] [-mountPoint vol_mt_pt] disknsm`	Mount a single volume. `vol_mt_pt`rather than the standard path of `/Volumes/VolumeName`, directory at that path must already exist.
`mountDisk disku`	Mount all mountable volumes.
`umount [force] vol`	`force`may break open files; see umount.
`umountDisk [force] disku`
`eject disku`	Media becomes offline . Removable media will eject or become eligible for safe manual removal.
`verifyDisk disku`	Partition Table, EFI integriey, Core Storage Physical Volumes and space for boot loaders. /usr/sbin/Diskutil verifydisk disk0 Started partition map verification on disk0 Checking prerequisites Checking the partition list Checking the partition map size Checking for an EFI system partition Checking the EFI system partition's size Checking the EFI system partition's file system Checking the EFI system partition's folder content Checking all HFS data partition loader spaces Volume Photos on disk0s5 has 0 bytes of trailing loader space and it needs 134,217,728 bytes Problems were found with the partition map which might prevent booting Error: -69765: Partition map needs repair because a data partition needs loader space
`repairDisk disku`	sudo /usr/sbin/Diskutil repairdisk disk1 Repairing the partition map might erase disk1s1 (the EFI ), proceed? (y/N) n Repair canceled sudo diskutil repairDisk /dev/disk1 # an SD card with FAT partition. Unable to repair this whole disk: A GUID Partition Table (GPT) partitioning scheme is required (-69773)
`verifyVolume vol`	file System of a volume (e.g. fsck).
`repairVolume vol`	Repair the data structure of a volume (e.g. fsck). Example: sudo diskutil repairVolume /Volumes/DGERMAN_2GB Password: Started file system repair on disk2s1 DGERMAN_2GB Checking file system disk2s1 Phase 1 - Preparing FAT Phase 2 - Checking Directories Phase 3 - Checking for Orphan Clusters 106 files, 1783744 KiB free (55742 clusters) Volume repair complete Updating boot support partitions for the volume as required Finished file system repair on disk2s1 DGERMAN_2GB Started file system repair on disk0s9 Recovery_Mavericks Repairing file system Checking non-journaled HFS Plus Volume Invalid B-tree node size The volume could not be verified completely File system check exit code is 8 Updating boot support partitions for the volume as required Error: -69845: File system verify or repair failed Underlying error: 8: POSIX reports: Exec format error
`renameVolume vol new_name`	Volume names are subject to file system-specific alphabet and length restrictions. Must be mounted > sudo diskutil mount disk0s11 > sudo diskutil renameVolume untitled email+cache Volume on disk0s10 renamed to email+cachei > sudo diskutil mount disk0s3 > sudo /usr/sbin/Diskutil renameVolume disk0s3 'RECOVERY HD AB'
`enableJournal vol`	on an HFS+ volume.
`disableJournal [force] vol`	On an HFS+ volume, Volume need not be mounted `Force`: journaling is disabled directly on disk, the volume must not be mounted.
`moveJournal external\|internal [journalDevice] vol`	`external`causes the creation of a 512MB Apple_Journal partition out of journalDevice and an HFS+ partition will be created out of the remaining space if available; journalDevice must be a partition. The journal for device will then be moved externally onto the newly created Apple_Journal partition. `internal`will move the journal for device back locally.
`enableOwnership vol`	The Database at `/var/db/volinfo.database`is modified as per User and Group ID settings of files, directories, and links (file system objects, or "FSOs") > sudo diskutil enableOwnership /Volumes/untitled File system user/group ownership enabled For some locations of devices (e.g. internal hard disks), consideration of ownership settings on FSOs is the default. For others (e.g. plug-in USB disks), it is not. When ownership is enabled, the Owner and Group ID settings that exist on the disk are taken into account for determining access, and exact settings are written to the disk as FSOs are created. When ownership is disabled, Owner and Group ID settings on FSOs appear to the user and programs as the current user and group instead of their actual on-disk settings. Enable ownership where a disk contains FSOs whose User and Group, and permissions, is critically important, such as when the plug-in disk contains system files to be changed or added . > cat /var/db/volinfo.database F1D7320CDC506E87: 00000001 A073446E9FC5B85D: 00000001 3D5B432DF5D25BA5: 00000001 CE5F4638B7C48818: 00000001 D156FA5D2FFD2DE8: 00000001 156A2EAF1753895A: 00000001 05924632A81B72DC: 00000001 E0C32DAAF5C0E0AB: 00000001 previously: 05924632A81B72DC: 00000001 A073446E9FC5B85D: 00000001 22984819A1006E1A: 00000001 CE5F4638B7C48818: 00000001 E08C36730A0B5D7C: 00000001 C5E0CD235635726E: 00000001 4500BAFE67D39774: 00000001 Settings are persistent See vsdbutil .
`disableOwnership device`
`verifyPermissions [-plist] vol`	Verify the permissions of boot volume, written during the installation . Deprecated as of El Captian
`listFilesystems [-plist]`	Show personalities available for formating when using the eraseVolume and partitioning verbs. This is a subset of personalities exported by the various filesystem bundles installed. Also shown are some shortcut aliases for common personalities. `-plist`output is in xml. File Systems formats These (case insensative) personalities can be used for erasing and partitioning. PERSONALITY USER VISIBLE NAME ----------------------------------------------------------- Free Space \| free Free Space HFS+ Mac OS Extended hfsx \| Case-sensitive HFS+ Mac OS Extended (Case-sensitive) jhfsx\| Case-sensitive Journaled HFS+ Mac OS Extended (Case-sensitive, Journaled) jhfs+\| Journaled HFS+ Mac OS Extended (Journaled) ExFAT ExFAT MS-DOS MS-DOS (FAT) MS-DOS FAT12 MS-DOS (FAT12) MS-DOS FAT16 MS-DOS (FAT16) MS-DOS FAT32 MS-DOS (FAT32) (or) fat32
`eraseVolume format name vol`	and write out an empty filesystem. See Format. Use `%noformat%`to skip initialization (to skip newfs). A format of `Free Space` will cause removal of the partition from the partition table. The boot volume cannot be erased.
Operations modifying the entire disk (which may result in disaster). Did you back up the partition table? See gdisk
`partitionDisk diskU [numberOfPartitions] [APM[fmt]]\|MBR[Fmt]\| GPT[Fmt] [PTFormat] [FSFormat1 vName1 pSize1 FSFormat2 vName2 pSize2 FSFormat2 vName3 pSize3 …]`	Re-partition a disk. All volumes on this disk will be destroyed. The device parameter specifies that a whole disk is to be partitioned. The optional `PTformat`forces a particular Partitioning Table Format `APM` Apple Partition Map , for a start up disk on PowerPC-based, a non-startup disk with any Mac, or a multiplatform compatible startup disk. `MBR` Master Boot Record . DOS/Windows-compatible `GPT`GUID Partitioning Table. for start up disk on Intel-based Mac. For each partition, a triplet of the desired File System format, volume name, and size must be specified. `FSFormat`are shown at `listFilesystems` and are created with the appropriate newfs_* (example `newfs_hfs`). The partition type is set according to the filesystem. `vName`: volume names must conform to file system specific restrictions. `%noformat%`: the partition is left uninitalized. Names are ignored but dummy names must be present. `pSize`are floating point numbers followed by a letter or percent sign (example: `16G, 55.3T, 678M, 75%, R`). `R`will use the `R`emainder of space on disk The last partition will be lengthened to the end of the disk. To create a partition of a specific size, include an additional partition with size of `R` File System blocksize will be 4,096. To change block size after creating a partition use: `newfs` `newfs_hfs -v VolumeName -b 8192 /dev/disk0s2` This will cause the average unused space per file to be 4,096 (i.e. 1/2 block). When determing size: ( 3/18/16 DATA vol has 189,624 files df reports 21,014,072 1k blocks used of 44,384,728 This is a space accounting only. However ( 21,014,072 1k blocks / 189,624 files total = 110 blk/file average aka ) means 2048nfiles = unused space, (4096-2048)nfiles will require ADDITIONAL unused space)
`resizeVolume vol [ size\|limits\|mapsize\|R [numberOfPartitions] [p1Format p1Name p1Size p2Format p2Name p2Size p3Format p3Name p3Size …]`	Only supported on GPT partition tables with a Journaled HFS+ volume filesystem . A `size` of `limits` displays the range of valid values for the current filesystem. > sudo diskutil resizeVolume disk0s7 limits For device disk0s7 HDIMAGES_2: Current size: 56.4 GB (56443121664 Bytes) Minimum size: 28.6 GB (28597399552 Bytes) Maximum size: 56.4 GB (56443121664 Bytes) A `size` of `mapsize` displays: > sudo diskutil resizeVolume disk0s7 mapsize For whole device disk0: Whole disk size: 320.1 GB (320072933376 Bytes) Partition map size: 320.1 GB (320072933376 Bytes) A `size` of `R` will ATTEMPT to resize the partition to the maximun available. (DGG: didn't work ) Valid `pnSize`are in the format of `n.f units` Valid `units`are B(ytes), K(ilobytes), M(egabytes), G(igabytes), T(erabytes) Example: `10G`(10 gigabytes), `4.23T`(4.23 terabytes), `5M`(5 megabytes) When decreasing size, optionally supply a list of new partitions to create. Example: /Volumes/HDIMAGES_2/var > sudo diskutil resizevolume disk0s7 40G Resizing to 40000000000 bytes Started partitioning on disk0s7 HDIMAGES_2 Verifying the disk Verifying file system Using live mode Performing live verification Checking Journaled HFS Plus volume Checking extents overflow file Checking catalog file Checking multi-linked files Checking volume bitmap Checking volume information The volume HDIMAGES_2 appears to be OK File system check exit code is 0 Resizing Finished partitioning on disk0s7 HDIMAGES_2 /dev/disk0 (internal, physical): #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *320.1 GB disk0 1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_HFS Macintosh HD 50.0 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_HFS Recovery HD 650.0 MB disk0s3 4: Apple_HFS Photos 92.9 GB disk0s4 5: Apple_HFS HDIMAGES 64.0 GB disk0s5 6: Apple_HFS DATA 45.4 GB disk0s6 7: Apple_HFS HDIMAGES_2 40.0 GB disk0s7 When decreasing the size, new partitions may optionally be created to fill the newly-freed space. To do this, specify the `numberOfPartitions, format, name, and size` as with partitionDisk /Volumes/HDIMAGES_2/var > sudo diskutil resizevolume disk0s7 40G 1 jhfs+ caches+mail R You cannot specify the remainder size option in the triples section with this verb Resizing a volume that is currently set as the computer's startup disk will invalidate that setting; use the Startup Disk System Preferences panel or bless to reset the resized volume as the startup disk. blocksize
`splitPartition vol [numberOfPartitions] [p1Format…`	Destructively split a volume into multiple partitions.
`mergePartitions [force] format name fromDevice toDevice`	Merge two or more partitions on a disk. All data on merged partitions other than the first will be lost. The first will be erased if it doesn't have a resizable type (e.g. JHFS+) or if `force`is given. Format and name apply only when the first partition is being erased. Merged partitions are required to be ordered sequentially on disk (see diskutil list for the actual on-disk ordering).
reformat `vol`	write an empty file system using the same type and name
`eraseDisk [[APM]Format \| [MBR]Format \| [GPT]Format] disknsm`	Removing all volumes and writing a new partitioning scheme containing one new empty filesystem volume. If the partitioning scheme is not specified, then an appropriate one for the current machine is chosen. See Format .
`zeroDisk diskU`	Erase a device, writing zeros to the media. The device can be a whole-disk or a partition. In either case, in order to be useful again, zero'd whole-disks will need to be partitioned, or zero'd partitions will need to be erased (newfs'd), e.g. by using the partitionDisk or eraseDisk verbs. If you desire a more sophisticated erase algorithm or if you need to erase only free space not in use for files, use the secureErase verb.
`randomDisk [times] diskU`	Erase a whole disk, writing random data to the media. Times is the optional (defaults to 1) number of times to write random information. device can be a whole-disk or a partition. In either case, in order to be useful again, randomized wholedisks will need to be partitioned, or randomized partitions will need to be erased (newfs'd), e.g. by using the partitionDisk or eraseDisk verbs. If you desire a more sophisticated erase algorithm or if you need to erase only free space not in use for files, use the secureErase verb.
`secureErase [freespace] level diskU`	Erase, using a secure method, either a whole-disk (including any and all partitions), or, only the free space (not in use for files) on a currently-mounted volume. Erasing a whole-disk will leave it useless until it is partitioned again. Erasing freespace on a volume will leave it exactly as it was from an end-user perspective, with the exception that it will not be possible to recover deleted files or data using utility software. If you need to erase all contents of a partition but not its hosting whole-disk, use the zeroDisk or randomDisk verbs. Level : Single-pass zero-fill erase. Single-pass random-fill erase. US DoD 7-pass secure erase. Gutmann algorithm 35-pass secure erase. US DoE algorithm 3-pass secure erase.
`eraseOptical [quick] diskU`

APFS

APFS | ap apfsVerb [...]

Container

imports one or more APFS Physical Store disks and exports APFS Volume disks.

While attached, the "handle" by which a Container is identified is its Reference disk (device).

Reference disk is a synthesized whole-disk which is exported by APFS for identification purposes only; it has no storage. It is associated with the AppleAPFSContainerScheme node in the IO Registry.
An APFS Volume device identifiers appear to be of a related form, do not use the Container Reference as a basis to create device identifiers ; use the listing verbs with plist options

Physical Store

a disk which is imported into an APFS Container. An APFS Container can import more than one Physical Store, e.g. for Fusion-style Containers.

An APFS Physical Store disk is not necessarily a disk from a partition map; it could be e.g. an AppleRAID Set disk. Do not assume that an APFS Physical Store's disk identifier is a 2-part form such as disk0s2.

Volume

an [un]mountable file system volume which is exported from an APFS Container.

APFS Volumes have no specified "size" (capacity), they consume capacity out of the remaining free space of their parent Container, consuming or returning such capacity as user file data is added or deleted.
This means that all Volumes within a Container compete for the Container's remaining capacity. Manage Volume allocation with reserve and quota.

reserve size requests an assured minimum capacity for an APFS Volume.
If successfully created, the Volume is guaranteed to be able to store at least this many bytes of user file data. beyond this, the Volume might be able to store even more until constrained by reaching zero free space in its parent Container or by reaching a quota, if any.
Use a reserve to prevent running out of capacity due to competition from other Volumes or from a Container shrink attempt.

Quota size applies a maximum capacity to a Volume, limiting the number of bytes of user file data which can be stored on the Volume.
It may not be able to reach this limit if its parent Container becomes full first.
Quota enforces accounting or to manage against "unfair" premature filling-up of the parent Container due solely to this Volume at the expense of sibling Volumes.

Efficient file copy cloning (copy-on-write) is supported (see copyfile (3)'s COPYFILE_CLONE).

File-level encryption is supported.

Snapshot represents a read-only copy of its parent APFS Volume, frozen at the moment of its creation.

Snapshots are neither listed nor discoverable when their Volume is not mounted.
Snapshots are uniquely identified within their parent Volume's namespace by either a numeric identifier (preferred) or by their name; Snapshots can be renamed.

Snapshots are mountable; provide a read-only historic version of the Volume

You can revert the present state of an APFS Volume back to equality with a Snapshot in its history.
This is a destructive reset/restore operation: Once a Volume is reverted, it cannot be brought forward.
Any Snaphots between the revert point and the present are lost as well.

Deleting a Snapshot; removes the possibility of ever reverting to that Snapshot's state,

Snapshot mount point's "source device" is the Snapshot name followed by '@' and the "parent" Volume's device node,
e.g. SnapName123@/dev/disk2s1 ". See mount_apfs -s (8) and fs_snapshot_create (2).

`list [-plist] [containerReferenceDevice]`	Display APFS objects as a tree. AFPS Container(s) are shown with their imported Physical Store(s) and exported Volume(s). All currently-attached APFS Containers in the system are listed unless you specify a containerReferenceDevice, which limits the output to that specific APFS Container family. If -plist is specified, then a property list will be emitted sudo diskutil apfs list disk1 # mojave 10.14.3 Beta(18D32a) 1/23/19 \| +-- Container disk1 C7D4F5C5-06F7-4583-983A-0B7859237AB5 ==================================================== APFS Container Reference: disk1 Size (Capacity Ceiling): 4108201984 B (4.1 GB) Capacity In Use By Volumes: 17043456 B (17.0 MB) (0.4% used) Capacity Not Allocated: 4091158528 B (4.1 GB) (99.6% free) \| +-< Physical Store disk0s4 10790A23-1FD1-4F17-8C61-B741A9E4EC7A \| ----------------------------------------------------------- \| APFS Physical Store Disk: disk0s4 \| Size: 4108201984 B (4.1 GB) \| +-> Volume disk1s1 170A8371-1B3B-44CE-B9DA-85AE83B14FDA --------------------------------------------------- APFS Volume Disk (Role): disk1s1 (No specific role) Name: Untitled (Case-sensitive) Mount Point: /Volumes/Untitled Capacity Consumed: 692224 B (692.2 KB) FileVault: No > sudo diskutil apfs list disk2 \| +-- Container disk2 39006797-0013-4FEB-8193-80E5EC146449 ==================================================== APFS Container Reference: disk2 Size (Capacity Ceiling): 74999996416 B (75.0 GB) Capacity In Use By Volumes: 58608070656 B (58.6 GB) (78.1% used) Capacity Not Allocated: 16391925760 B (16.4 GB) (21.9% free) \| +-< Physical Store disk0s2 780BB21F-50E3-4055-ACB6-819615DAA3C9 \| ----------------------------------------------------------- \| APFS Physical Store Disk: disk0s2 \| Size: 74999996416 B (75.0 GB) \| +-> Volume disk2s1 3D80E1A2-9E5D-4551-B0FA-86BB56F7D45C \| --------------------------------------------------- \| APFS Volume Disk (Role): disk2s1 (No specific role) \| Name: Macintosh HD (Case-sensitive) \| Mount Point: / \| Capacity Consumed: 28788011008 B (28.8 GB) \| FileVault: No \| +-> Volume disk2s2 209066D7-AAD7-46FB-AC09-7FDADA96A54C \| --------------------------------------------------- \| APFS Volume Disk (Role): disk2s2 (No specific role) \| Name: DATA (Case-insensitive) \| Mount Point: /Volumes/DATA \| Capacity Consumed: 28061200384 B (28.1 GB) \| FileVault: No \| +-> Volume disk2s3 EFB6D4D4-B18A-4EF6-998B-B7CC3F78840E \| --------------------------------------------------- \| APFS Volume Disk (Role): disk2s3 (Preboot) \| Name: Preboot (Case-insensitive) \| Mount Point: Not Mounted \| Capacity Consumed: 46075904 B (46.1 MB) \| FileVault: No \| +-> Volume disk2s4 D20E8594-9FBC-4A31-B3F8-2AA1D5BE4BAC \| --------------------------------------------------- \| APFS Volume Disk (Role): disk2s4 (Recovery) \| Name: Recovery (Case-insensitive) \| Mount Point: Not Mounted \| Capacity Consumed: 516849664 B (516.8 MB) \| FileVault: No \| +-> Volume disk2s5 32455EB5-06F0-4ABB-8C68-D5B2065BCFDB --------------------------------------------------- APFS Volume Disk (Role): disk2s5 (VM) Name: VM (Case-insensitive) Mount Point: /private/var/vm Capacity Consumed: 1073762304 B (1.1 GB) FileVault: No /Volumes/DATA/dgerman > sudo diskutil apfs list disk3 \| +-- Container disk3 0188CCBD-2008-4DD8-A45D-85874CE5DDFB ==================================================== APFS Container Reference: disk3 Size (Capacity Ceiling): 42014871552 B (42.0 GB) Capacity In Use By Volumes: 33418809344 B (33.4 GB) (79.5% used) Capacity Not Allocated: 8596062208 B (8.6 GB) (20.5% free) \| +-< Physical Store disk0s3 E32591C5-D2C5-497A-AE3B-FD29B314A5E8 \| ----------------------------------------------------------- \| APFS Physical Store Disk: disk0s3 \| Size: 42014871552 B (42.0 GB) \| +-> Volume disk3s1 E45F0503-5B3B-4EE7-85E3-D3609B3AF1EB \| --------------------------------------------------- \| APFS Volume Disk (Role): disk3s1 (No specific role) \| Name: Untitled (Case-sensitive) \| Mount Point: /Volumes/Untitled 1 \| Capacity Consumed: 5249179648 B (5.2 GB) \| FileVault: No \| +-> Volume disk3s2 9C3465C9-5EB7-485F-A39D-352A6E7E6EA2 --------------------------------------------------- APFS Volume Disk (Role): disk3s2 (No specific role) Name: Photos (Case-sensitive) Mount Point: /Volumes/Photos Capacity Consumed: 28073394176 B (28.1 GB) FileVault: No
`convert device [-dryrun]`	Non-destructively convert an HFS volume to an APFS Container with a single APFS Volume. The APFS Container can then be manipulated (e.g. adding and deleting APFS Volumes) as usual. The source HFS volume can be located on a partition or on a CoreStorage logical volume (LV); in the latter case, the CoreStorage logical volume group (LVG) is dismantled.
`create device [device] name`	creates an empty APFS Container and then adds one APFS Volume with the given name. The Volume will have default attributes i.e. no encryption, no capacity reserve nor quota, etc. This is a combination of createContainer and addVolume .
`createContainer [-main] device [-secondary] [device]`	Create an empty APFS Container. The device(s) specified become APFS Physical Stores. Specifing more than one device creates a Fusion Container -main and -secondary performance algorithms to be on "slower" hardware. usually not solid solid state, is usually larger, and is used to store associated "auxiliary" data such as any Windows partition(s) for Boot Camp Assistant.
`deleteContainer [-force] containerReferenceDevice \| physicalStoreDevice [name]`	Destroy a Container including all of its Volumes. Volumes are unmounted first. If one or more is busy the operation is aborted. Container's former Physical Store disks will be reformatted as HFS. New name, default :`Untitled` . If there were multiple Physical Stores, a space and a number suffix is added for each. If Container is damaged, a Container Reference for it might not exist or it might not be functional. reclaim former APFS Physical Store disk(s) by specifying `-force` ; this activates an alternate last-resort mode. In this mode, if you had more than one Physical Store (e.g. the Fusion case) and the Container is sufficiently damaged, you might have to delete each Physical Store manually. avoid sudo diskutil apfs deleteCOntainer disk1 Started APFS operation on disk1 Deleting APFS Container with all of its APFS Volumes Unmounting Volumes Unmounting Volume "Untitled" on disk1s1 Deleting Volumes Deleting Container Wiping former APFS disks Switching content types Reformatting former APFS disks Initialized /dev/rdisk0s4 as a 4 GB case-insensitive HFS Plus volume with a 8192k journal Mounting disk 1 new disk created or changed due to APFS operation !! Disk from APFS operation: disk0s4 Finished APFS operation on disk1
`resizeContainer containerReferenceDevice \| physicalStoreDevice limits [-plist] \| size [part1Format part1Name part1Size part2Format part2Name part2Size part3Format part3Name part3Size …]`	The operation is live, non-destructive, and does not mount or unmount any APFS Volumes. `size` of `limits` outputs a range of valid values. `size` of `0` to grow the targeted Physical Store such that all remaining space is filled to the next partition or the end of the partition map. Shrinks are constrained by the amount of data usage by all APFS Volumes on the targeted or implied Container. Contributing to this includes quotas, reserves, the usage of Snapshots (e.g. by Time Machine), and metadata overhead. When shrinking, new partitions may be created to fill the newly-freed space by specifing the format, name, and size parameters as for `partitionDisk` Grows are constrained by the amount of partition map free space trailing the targeted or implied Physical Store partition. All Volumes on the Container must be unlocked.
`addVolume ?containerReferenceDevice filesystem name [-passprompt] \| [-passphrase passphrase] \| [-stdinpassphrase] [-passphraseHint passphraseHint] [-reserve reserve] [-quota quota] [-role roles] [-nomount] [-mountpoint mountpoint]`	The filesystem parameter sets the permanent APFS personality for this new APFS Volume; you should specify APFS or Case-sensitive APFS. The new Volume will be unencrypted unless one of the passphrase options is specified the user which is added will be the "Disk User". `passphraseHint` can be displayed while Volume is locked. volume's file usage to a maximum amount; no more than that many bytes will be available for file data, even if there is otherwise enough space in the parent Container. the reserve is not larger than quota. Volumes carry certain metadata hint flags; supply the role parameter with any combination of one or more of `B R V` or `0` as a no-op for scripting convenience. The new Volume is mounted after creation; unless `-nomount` is specified. If `mountpoint` is specified it must exist
`deleteVolume volumeDevice`	Remove the Volume from its Container. All of the Volume's data will be lost.
`eraseVolume volumeDevice -name newName [-passprompt] \| [-passphrase passphrase] \| [-stdinpassphrase] [-passphraseHint passphraseHint]`	Erase the contents of a Volume. the Volume is not removed from its Container. The "new" Volume will inherit the file system type (Case-sensitiveness ) but not attributes such as name, reserve, quota, or encryption status. If you need more control, delete;add the Volume.
`changeVolumeRole \| chrole volumeDevice roles`	Change the role metadata flags The roles should be any combination of `b r v B R Vi` unspecified flags are unchanged, lower-case flags are cleared, and UPPER-CASE sets flags. `clear` will remove all flags, `0` no-op for scripting convenience.
`unlockVolume \| unlock volumeDevice [-user disk \| -user cryptoUserUUID\| -recoverykeychain file] [-passphrase passphrase] \| [-stdinpassphrase] [-nomount \| -mountpoint mountpoint] [-verify] [-plist]`	Unlock and mount an encrypted and locked Volume or verify a passphrase. WIthout `-user` all cryptographic users on that Volume are searched for a match; `-user disk` then the Disk UUID (which equals the Volume UUID) user is assumed; `-user UUID` that specific user is assumed; `-recoverykeychain` then the Institutional Recovery user (see below) is assumed. `-recoverykeychain file` full path to a keychain file if an Institutional Recovery Key has been previously set up on the Volume. The keychain must be unlocked; see security(1) and fdesetup(8) for more information. `-verify` will test passphrase correctness without affecting the locked or unlocked state. To re-lock the volume, unmount it, e.g. with `diskutil unmount` or `diskutil apfs lockVolume`.
`lockVolume \| lock volumeDevice`	Unmount and lock a Volume.
`listCryptoUsers \| listUsers \| listCryptoKeys \| listKeys [-plist] volumeDevice`	Show all cryptographic users and special-purpose (e.g. recovery) "users" (keys) associated with the Volume, each by their Cryptographic User UUID and usage "type". The usual purpose of an APFS Cryptographic User is to authenticate for unlocking its APFS Volume; any of its users can do so. An APFS Volume need not be encrypted in order to contain crypto users; other than the Disk User, they should be added before encrypting. Types of Cryptographic Users include "Disk" user, whose UUID value always matches its Volume's UUID; iCloud or personal "Recovery Keys", which store partial crypto keys and are associated with corresponding "Recovery Users" and have fixed-constant UUID values; and "Open Directory" users, whose UUID values match corresponding local macOS Open Directory account user GUIDs.
`changePassphrase \| changeCryptoUserPassphrase \| passwd volumeDevice -user disk \| cryptoUserUUID [-oldPassphrase oldPassphrase \| -oldStdinpassphrase] [-newPassphrase newPassphrase \| -newStdinpassphrase]`	Change the passphrase of the given cryptographic user associated with the given Volume.
`setPassphraseHint \| setCryptoUserPassphraseHint \| hint volumeDevice -user disk \| cryptoUserUUID -hint hintMessage \| -clear`	Set an arbitrary hint string to aid recall of a passphrase for the given cryptographic user associated with the given APFS Volume. Specifying -clear will clear any existing hint (no hint is the default).
`encryptVolume \| encrypt \| enableFileVault volumeDevice -user disk \| existingCryptoUserUUID [-passphrase existingOrNewPassphrase \| -stdinpassphrase]`	Start encryption of a currently-unencrypted APFS Volume ("Enable FileVault"). The operation may be accomplished immediately or in the background". Supply an existing cryptographic user UUID, in which case you must supply its corresponding passphrase, or disk (or the Disk/Volume UUID) and the corresponding passphrase of the "Disk User" if no users exist on this Volume, supply disk (or the Disk/Volume UUID), and a "Disk User" will be created with a new passphrase . Use this acquire the first such user if a volume has no cryptographics users .
`decryptVolume \| decrypt \| disableFileVault volumeDevice [-user disk \| existingCryptoUserUUID] [-passphrase existingPassphrase \| -stdinpassphrase]`	Start decryption of a currently-encrypted APFS Volume ("Disable FileVault"). The operation may be accomplished immediately, or "in the background". The APFS Volume must be unlocked before beginning.
`listSnapshots \| list[Volume]Snaps[hots] [-plist] volume`	Show all snapshots that are currently associated with the Volume, including its numeric XID identifier and name. sudo diskutil apfs listSnapshots disk2s1 Snapshots for disk2s1 (2 found) \| +-- Name: com.apple.TimeMachine.2018-09-09-083844 \| XID: 700944 \| NOTE: This snapshot sets the minimal allowed size of APFS Container disk2 \| +-- Name: com.apple.TimeMachine.2018-09-09-115808 XID: 701375
`deleteSnapshot volumeDevice -xid xid \| -name name`	Remove the given Snapshot

Apple RAID
`appleRAID raidVerb […]`
Create, manipulate and destroy AppleRAID volumes (Software RAID). `stripe`- Striped Volume (RAID 0) `mirror`- Mirrored Volume (RAID 1) `concat`- Concatenated Volume (ining) Only the "mirror" type increases fault-tolerance. may have more than two disks to increase fault-tolerance. Striped and concatentated volumes are, in fact, more vulnerable to faults than single disk volumes. From these basic types, "stacked" or "nested" RAID volumes can be created. Stacked RAID sets that make use of mirrored RAID sets are fault-tolerant. More common combinations of stacked RAID sets: RAID 50 - striped RAID set of hardware RAID 5 disks. RAID 10 - striped RAID set of mirrored RAID sets. RAID 0+1 - mirrored RAID set of striped RAID sets. Concatenated Mirror - A concatenation of mirrored RAID sets. When creating new RAID sets or adding disks, it is better to specify the entire disk. This allows the software to reformat the entire disk using the most current partition layouts. In addition to whole disk and partition device names, AppleRAID uses UUIDs to refer to existing RAID sets and their members. They may be specified by mount point (e.g. `/Volume/raidset`). Using the UUID is preferred because disk device names may change over time when disks are added, disks are removed or when the system is rebooted. If RAID members have been physically disconnected from the system or are no longer responding, you must use the member's UUID as the command argument. Messages in the system log will refer to RAID sets and their member disks by UUID. RAID is not a replacement for backing up data. Backups should be always be performed on a regular basis and before modifying any RAID.
`list [UUID]`	Display volumes with current status and associated member disks. If UUID is specified, only list that RAID. diskutil listRAID is a deprecated synonym for diskutil appleRAID list.
`create mirror\|stripe\|concat setName format devices …`	Create a new RAID set consisting of multiple disks and/or RAID sets. `setName`is used for both the name of the created RAID volume and the RAID set itself (as displayed in list). Example: `diskutil createRAID stripe MyArray JHFS+ disk1 disk2 disk3 disk4`
`delete raidVolume`	Destroy an existing RAID set. If the RAID set is a mirror with a resizable filesystem, delete will attempt to convert each of the member partitions back into a non-RAID volume while retaining the contained filesystem. For concatenated RAID sets with a resizable filesystem, delete will attempt to shrink the filesystem to fit on the first member partition and convert that to a non-RAID volume.
`repairMirror raidVolume newDevice`	Repair a degraded mirror by replacing a broken or missing member. Broken devices in the mirrored set can also be rebuilt by specifying `newDevice`. When replacing members of a mirrored set, the new disk must be the same size or larger than the existing disks in the RAID set.
`add type newDevice raidVolume`	Add a new member or hot spare to an existing RAID set. `Type`can be either `member or spare`. New disks are added live, the RAID volume does not need to be unmounted. Mirrored volumes support adding both members and hot spares, When adding to a mirrored RAID set, the new disk must be the same size or larger than the existing disks in the RAID set. Adding a hot spare to a mirror will enable autorebuilding for that mirror. Concatenated volumes only support adding members. Adding a new member to a concatenated RAID set appends the member and expands the RAID volume.
`remove oldDevice raidVolume`	Remove a member or spare from an existing RAID set. Old disks are removed live, the RAID volume does not need to be unmounted. For missing devices, oldDevice must be device's UUID. Online mirror members with a resizable filesystem will be converted to non-RAID volumes, spare and offline members will be marked free. For concatenated RAID sets, only the last member can be removed. For resizable filesystems remove will first aiempt to shrink the concatenated RAID set so that the filesystem fits on the remaining disks.
`enable mirror\|concat device`	Convert a non-RAID disk partition containing a resizable filesystem (like JHFS+) into an unpaired mirror or single disk concatenated RAID set. Disks that were originally partitioned on Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar or earlier or were partitioned to be Mac OS 9 compatible may not be resizable.
`update key value raidVolume`	Update the key value parameters of an existing RAID set. Valid keys are: `AutoRebuild 0\|1`- If true, the system attempts to rebuild degraded mirrored volumes automatically. When looking for devices for rebuild, AppleRAID first looks for hot spares and then degraded members. `Settingtimeout ss`seconds system waits (in seconds) for a missing device before degrading a mirrored raid set. Also controls the amount of time you have to disconnect all devices from an unmounted mirror without degrading it.

coreStorage cs `coreStorageVerb` […] CoreStorage verbs can be used to create, manipulate and destroy CoreStorage volumes. CoreStorage maintains a world of virtual disks, somewhat like RAID, in which one can easily add or remove imported backing store disks, as well as exported usable volumes, to or from a pool (or several pools). This provides the user with flexibility in allocating their hardware; user or operating system data can span multiple physical disks seamlessly, for example. Types of objects, instances of which are uniquely represented by a UUID: Logical Volume Group (LVG) Physical Volume (PV) Logical Volume Family (LVF) Logical Volume (LV) The Logical Volume Group (LVG) is the top or "pool" level; zero or more may exist during any OS boot time session. An LVG imports one or more Physical Volumes (PVs). A PV represents a device that feeds the LVG storage space; a PV is normally real media but it can be a disk image or even an AppleRAID Set. A disk offered to be a PV must be a partition and the encompassing scheme must be GPT. An LVG exports zero or more Logical Volume Families (LVFs). An LVF contains properties which govern and bind together all of its descendant Logical Volumes (LVs). These properties provide settings for Full Disk Encryption (FDE) (such as whether the LVG is encrypted, which users have access, etc) and other services. However, at the present time, for new LVF creation, only zero or one LVF per LVG is supported. A Logical Volume Family (LVF) exports one or more Logical Volumes (LVs). However, at the present time, only and exactly one LV per LVF is supported. A Logical Volume (LV) exports a dev node, upon which a file system (such as Journaled HFS+) resides. For more information on specifying device arguments, see the DEVICES section below. CoreStorage is not a replacement for backing up your data. Backups should be always be performed on a regular basis and before modifying any CoreStorage volumes using these commands. CoreStorage sub-verbs :
`list [-plist \| UUID]`	Display tree view of the CoreStorage world for all current logical volume groups (LVGs) with member disks (PVs) and exported volumes (LVFs and LVs), with properties and status for each level. With `-plist`a property list will be emitted instead of the formatted tree output; the `UUID`s can be used with the diskutil coreStorage information verb to get properties for the object represented by that `UUID`. With `UUID`list only that `UUID`
`info \| information [-plist] UUID \| device`
Display properties of the CoreStorage object (LVG, PV, LVF, or LV) list (Show status of CoreStorage volumes) info[rmation] (Get CoreStorage information by UUID or disk) convert (Convert a volume into a CoreStorage volume) revert (Revert a CoreStorage volume to its native type) create (Create a new CoreStorage logical volume group) delete (Delete a CoreStorage logical volume group) createVolume (Create a new CoreStorage logical volume) deleteVolume (Delete a volume from a logical volume group) encryptVolume (Encrypt a CoreStorage logical volume) decryptVolume (Decrypt a CoreStorage logical volume) unlockVolume (Attach/mount a locked CoreStorage logical volume) changeVolumePassphrase (Change a CoreStorage logical volume's passphrase) diskutil coreStorage with no options will provide help on that verb

SIZES

FLoating point number followed by:

B is bytes (not blocks)
S is 512-byte blocks (device-independent)
K kilobytes 1,000 (10^3).
M megabytes 1,000,000 (10^6).
G gigabytes 1,000,000,000 (10^9).
T terabytes 1,000,000,000,000 , a thousand GB(10^12).
P petabytes 1,000,000,000000000 , a Million GB (10^15).

When specifying partition triplets, the following relative forms may also be used:

nn%
R specifies the remainder of the whole-disk. It need not be in the last triplet. It must only appear in at most one triplet in the group of triplets.

Examples: 10G (10 gigabytes), 4.23T (4.23 terabytes), 5M (5 megabytes), 25.4% (25.4 percent of whole disk size).

FORMAT

The format parameter for the erasing and partitioning verbs is the filesystem personality name found in a filesystem bundle's /System/Library/Filesystems/fs.fs/Contents/Info.plistor i
by using listFilesystems, which also lists shortcut aliases for common personalities (these shortcuts are defined by diskutil for use with it only). Common examples include JHFS+, MS-DOS, etc.

Examples

Resize a volume and create a volume after it, using all remaining space
sudo diskutil resizeVolume /Volumes/SomeDisk 50g MS-DOS DOS 0b

Resize a volume and leave all remaining space as unused
sudo diskutil resizeVolume /Volumes/SomeDisk 12g

Merge two partitions into a new partition
diskutil mergePartitions JHFS+ not disk1s3 disk1s5

Split a partition into three new ones
sudo diskutil splitPartition /Volumes/SomeDisk JHFS+ vol1 12g MS-DOS vol2 8g JHFS+ vol3 0b

Erase a disk
sudo diskutil eraseDisk UFS UntitledUFS disk3

Erase a volume
sudo diskutil eraseVolume HFS+ UntitledHFS /Volumes/SomeDisk

Partition a disk with three partitions
sudo diskutil partitionDisk disk3 3 HFS+ Untitled 10G UFS UntitledUFS 10G MS-DOS DOS 10G

Partition with APM partitioning scheme
sudo diskutil partitionDisk disk3 APM HFS+ vol1 25% Journaled HFS+ vol2 25% Journaled HFS+ vol3 50% Free Space volX 0%

Partition with GPT partitioning scheme
sudo diskutil partitionDisk disk3 GPT HFS+ vol1 25% MS-DOS vol2 25% HFS+ vol3 50% Free Space volX 0%

Create a RAID
diskutil createRAID mirror MirroredVolume JHFS+ disk1 disk2

Destroy a RAID
diskutil destroyRAID /Volumes/MirroredVolume

Repair a damaged RAID
diskutil repairMirror /Volumes/MirroredVolume disk3

Convert volume into RAID volume
diskutil enableRAID mirror /Volumes/ExistingVolume

msdos.util -- DOS/Windows (FAT) file system utility

`[-m mountflag1 mountflag2 mountflag3 mountflag4] device node`	mount
`[-p mountflag1 mountflag2 mountflag3 mountflag4] device`	probe for mounting
`[-u] device`	unmount
`[-n] device name`	set name

mountflags :

removable | fixed readonly | writeable suid | nosuid

dev | nodev

fsck_msdos

DOS/Windows (FAT) file system consistency check

verifies and repairs FAT file systems (more commonly known as DOS file systems).

`-p`	normally started by fsck during automatic reboot, when a FAT file system is detected. When preening file systems, fixs common inconsistencies non-interactively. If more serious problems are found, indicates that it was not successful, and exits.
`-q`	quickly check whether the volume was unmounted cleanly. If the volume was unmounted cleanly, then the exit status is 0. If the volume was not unmounted cleanly, then the exit status will be non-zero. A message is printed to standard output describing whether the volume was clean or dirty.
`-f`	ignored
`-n`	provide N as the answer to operator questions, except `CONTINUE?`.
`-y`	provide Y as the answer
`-p`	Preen the specified file systems.

Single User Mode

Hold CMD - S when booting.
Start the following five services first:

launchctl load /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.notifyd.plist
launchctl load /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.kextd.plist
launchctl load /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.diskarbitrationd.plist
launchctl start com.apple.diskarbitrationd
launchctl load /System/Library/LaunchDaemon/com.apple.DirectoryServices.plist
launchctl load /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.configd.plist

HISTORY

Starting with Mac OS X 10.6, the input and output notation of disk and partition sizes use power-of-10 suffixes.
In the past this has been power-of-2, for display or accepted as input.

Disk Utility Tool (Mac OS X )

`vol`reference

Disk Identifier

Did you back up the partition table? See gdisk

APFS

SIZES

FORMAT

Examples

SEE ALSO

msdos.util -- DOS/Windows (FAT) file system utility

fsck_msdos

Single User Mode

HISTORY

See also

Disk Utility Tool (Mac OS X )

volreference

Disk Identifier

Did you back up the partition table? See gdisk

APFS

SIZES

FORMAT

Examples

SEE ALSO

msdos.util -- DOS/Windows (FAT) file system utility

fsck_msdos

Single User Mode

HISTORY

See also

`vol`reference