httpd

Apache hypertext transfer protocol server

httpd [ -X ] [ -R libexecdir ] [ -d serverroot ] [ -f config ] [ -C directive ] [ -c directive ] [ -D parameter ]

httpd [ -h ] [ -l ] [ -L ] [ -v ] [ -V ] [ -S ] [ -t ] [ -T ]

Stand-alone daemon process, creating a pool of child processes to handle requests.

sudo apachectl start|stop|restart

The ugly way to stop it: send a TERM signal to the initial (parent) process. The PID of this process is written to a file as given in the configuration file.

Alternatively httpd may be invoked by the Internet daemon inetd(8) each time a connection to the HTTP service is made.

For details of the see the Apache manual httpd.apache.org.

-e lvl	Error Log level
-E startupErrs	error messages during server startup to file
-R libexecdir	Overides ServerRoot only available if Apache was built with the SHARED_CORE rule enabled which forces the Apache core code to be placed into a dynamic shared object (DSO) file. This file is searched in a hardcoded path under ServerRoot per default.
-d serverroot	Default is /usr/local/apache2.
-f startCmds	Execute the commands in startCmds on startup. If startCmds does not begin with a / it is taken to be a path relative to the ServerRoot. Default is /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf.
-C directive	Process before reading config files.
-c directive	Process after reading config files.
-D parameter	Sets a configuration parameter which can be used with <IfDefine>..</IfDefine> sections in the configuration files to conditionally skip or process commands.
-k start|restart|graceful|stop|graceful-stop:
-l	list of modules compiled into the server.
-L	list directives provided by statuc modules
-M	map of loaded Static and Shared Modules.
-S	Show the settings as parsed from the config file (currently only shows the virtualhost settings).
-t	Run syntax tests for configuration files only and exit.
-T	Skip document root check at startup/restart.
-X	single-process debugging purposes only; does not detach or fork any children. Do NOT use this mode to provide ordinary web service.
-v	output version and exit.
-V	output version and build parameters exit. Server version: Apache/2.2.22 (Unix) Server built: Aug 24 2012 17:16:58 Server's Module Magic Number: 20051115:30 Server loaded: APR 1.4.5, APR-Util 1.3.12 Compiled using: APR 1.4.5, APR-Util 1.3.12 Architecture: 64-bit Server MPM: Prefork threaded: no forked: yes (variable process count) Server compiled with.... -D APACHE_MPM_DIR="server/mpm/prefork" -D APR_HAS_SENDFILE -D APR_HAS_MMAP -D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled) -D APR_USE_FLOCK_SERIALIZE -D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE -D SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT -D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD -D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS -D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=128 -D HTTPD_ROOT="/usr" -D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/bin/suexec" -D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="/private/var/run/httpd.pid" -D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status" -D DEFAULT_LOCKFILE="/private/var/run/accept.lock" -D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log" -D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="/private/etc/apache2/mime.types" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="/private/etc/apache2/httpd.conf"
-h	Usage: ./httpd [-D name] [-d directory] [-f file] [-C "directive"] [-c "directive"] [-k start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop] [-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-t] [-T] [-S] Options: -D name : define a name for use in directives -d directory : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot -f file : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile -C "directive" : process directive before reading config files -c "directive" : process directive after reading config files -e level : show startup errors of level (see LogLevel) -E file : log startup errors to file -v : show version number -V : show compile settings -h : list available command line options (this page) -l : list compiled in modules -L : list available configuration directives -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS : show parsed settings (currently only vhost settings) -S : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS -t -D DUMP_MODULES : show all loaded modules -M : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_MODULES -t : run syntax check for config files -T : start without DocumentRoot(s) check

FILES

       /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
       /etc/httpd/srm.conf
       /etc/httpd/access.conf
       /etc/httpd/mime.types
       /etc/httpd/magic
       /var/log/httpd/error_log
       /var/log/httpd/access_log
       /var/run/httpd.pid

.htaccess contains pointer to the password file.

.htpasswd is a frequent name.

See also

<Directory (core.c) Container for directives affecting resources located in the specified directories            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location <Location (core.c) Container for directives affecting resources accessed through the specified URL paths            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location <VirtualHost (core.c) Container to map directives to a particular virtual host, takes one or more host addresses            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location <Files (core.c) Container for directives affecting files matching specified patterns            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride isn't None <Limit (core.c) Container for authentication directives when accessed using specified HTTP methods            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride isn't None <LimitExcept (core.c) Container for authentication directives to be applied when any HTTP method other than those specified is used to access the resource            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride isn't None <IfModule (core.c) Container for directives based on existance of specified modules            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride isn't None <IfDefine (core.c) Container for directives based on existance of command line defines            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride isn't None <DirectoryMatch (core.c) Container for directives affecting resources located in the specified directories            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location <LocationMatch (core.c) Container for directives affecting resources accessed through the specified URL paths            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location <FilesMatch (core.c) Container for directives affecting files matching specified patterns            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride isn't None AuthType (core.c) An HTTP authorization type (e.g., "Basic")            Allowed in *.conf only inside Directory, Files or Location and in .htaccess when AllowOverride includes AuthConfig AuthName (core.c) The authentication realm (e.g. "Members Only")            Allowed in *.conf only inside Directory, Files or Location and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride includes AuthConfig Require (core.c) Selects which authenticated users or groups may access a protected space            Allowed in *.conf only inside Directory, Files or Location and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride includes AuthConfig Satisfy (core.c) access policy if both allow and require used ('all' or 'any')            Allowed in *.conf only inside Directory, Files or Location and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride includes AuthConfig AddDefaultCharset (core.c) The name of the default charset to add to any Content-Type without one or 'Off' to disable            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride includes FileInfo AcceptPathInfo (core.c) Set to on or off for PATH_INFO to be accepted by handlers, or default for the per-handler preference            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride includes FileInfo AccessFileName (core.c) Name(s) of per-directory config files (default: .htaccess)            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location DocumentRoot (core.c) Root directory of the document tree            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ErrorDocument (core.c) Change responses for HTTP errors            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride includes FileInfo AllowOverride (core.c) Controls what groups of directives can be configured by per-directory config files            Allowed in *.conf only inside Directory, Files or Location Options (core.c) Set a number of attributes for a given directory            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride includes Options DefaultType (core.c) the default MIME type for untypable files            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride includes FileInfo FileETag (core.c) Specify components used to construct a file's ETag            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride includes FileInfo EnableMMAP (core.c) Controls whether memory-mapping may be used to read files            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride includes FileInfo EnableSendfile (core.c) Controls whether sendfile may be used to transmit files            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride includes FileInfo Protocol (core.c) Set the Protocol for httpd to use.            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location AcceptFilter (core.c) Set the Accept Filter to use for a protocol            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location Port (core.c) Port was replaced with Listen in Apache 2.0            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location HostnameLookups (core.c) "on" to enable, "off" to disable reverse DNS lookups, or "double" to enable double-reverse DNS lookups            Allowed in *.conf anywhere ServerAdmin (core.c) The email address of the server administrator            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ServerName (core.c) The hostname and port of the server            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ServerSignature (core.c) En-/disable server signature (on|off|email)            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride isn't None ServerRoot (core.c) Common directory of server-related files (logs, confs, etc.)            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ErrorLog (core.c) The filename of the error log            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ServerAlias (core.c) A name or names alternately used to access the server            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ServerPath (core.c) The pathname the server can be reached at            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location Timeout (core.c) Timeout duration (sec)            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ContentDigest (core.c) whether or not to send a Content-MD5 header with each request            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess            when AllowOverride includes Options UseCanonicalName (core.c) How to work out the ServerName : Port when constructing URLs            Allowed in *.conf anywhere UseCanonicalPhysicalPort (core.c) Whether to use the physical Port when constructing URLs            Allowed in *.conf anywhere Include (core.c) Name of the config file to be included            Allowed in *.conf anywhere LogLevel (core.c) Level of verbosity in error logging            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location NameVirtualHost (core.c) A numeric IP address:port, or the name of a host            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ServerTokens (core.c) Determine tokens displayed in the Server: header - Min(imal), OS or Full            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location LimitRequestLine (core.c) Limit on maximum size of an HTTP request line            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location LimitRequestFieldsize (core.c) Limit on maximum size of an HTTP request header field            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location LimitRequestFields (core.c) Limit (0 = unlimited) on max number of header fields in a request message            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location LimitRequestBody (core.c) Limit (in bytes) on maximum size of request message body            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride isn't None LimitXMLRequestBody (core.c) Limit (in bytes) on maximum size of an XML-based request body            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride isn't None MaxRanges (core.c) Maximum number of Ranges in a request before returning the entire resource, or 0 for unlimited            Allowed in *.conf anywhere RLimitCPU (core.c) Soft/hard limits for max CPU usage in seconds            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride isn't None RLimitMEM (core.c) Soft/hard limits for max memory usage per process            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride isn't None RLimitNPROC (core.c) soft/hard limits for max number of processes per uid            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride isn't None LimitInternalRecursion (core.c) maximum recursion depth of internal redirects and subrequests            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ForceType (core.c) a mime type that overrides other configured type            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride includes FileInfo SetHandler (core.c) a handler name that overrides any other configured handler            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride includes FileInfo SetOutputFilter (core.c) filter (or ; delimited list of filters) to be run on the request content            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride includes FileInfo SetInputFilter (core.c) filter (or ; delimited list of filters) to be run on the request body            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride includes FileInfo AddOutputFilterByType (core.c) output filter name followed by one or more content-types            Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess when AllowOverride includes FileInfo AllowEncodedSlashes (core.c) Allow URLs containing '/' encoded as '%2F'            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location PidFile (core.c) A file for logging the server process ID            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ScoreBoardFile (core.c) A file for Apache to maintain runtime process management information            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location LockFile (core.c) The lockfile used when Apache needs to lock the accept() call            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location MaxRequestsPerChild (core.c) Maximum number of requests a particular child serves before dying.            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location CoreDumpDirectory (core.c) The location of the directory Apache changes to before dumping core            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location AcceptMutex (core.c) Valid accept mutexes for this platform and MPM are: default, flock, fcntl, sysvsem, posixsem, pthread.            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location MaxMemFree (core.c) Maximum number of 1k blocks a particular childs allocator may hold.            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ThreadStackSize (core.c) Size in bytes of stack used by threads handling client connections            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location TraceEnable (core.c) 'on' (default), 'off' or 'extended' to trace request body content            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location Suexec (core.c) Enable or disable suEXEC support            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location CustomLog (mod_log_config.c) a file name, a custom log format string or format name, and an optional "env=" clause (see docs)            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location TransferLog (mod_log_config.c) the filename of the access log            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location LogFormat (mod_log_config.c) a log format string (see docs) and an optional format name            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location CookieLog (mod_log_config.c) the filename of the cookie log            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location BufferedLogs (mod_log_config.c) Enable Buffered Logging (experimental)            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location <IfVersion (mod_version.c) a comparison operator, a version (and a delimiter)            Allowed in *.conf anywhere [no per-dir config] and in .htaccess when AllowOverride isn't None User (worker.c) Effective user id for this server            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location Group (worker.c) Effective group id for this server            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ChrootDir (worker.c) The directory to chroot(2) into            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ListenBacklog (worker.c) Maximum length of the queue of pending connections, as used by listen(2)            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location Listen (worker.c) A port number or a numeric IP address and a port number, and an optional protocol            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location SendBufferSize (worker.c) Send buffer size in bytes            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ReceiveBufferSize (worker.c) Receive buffer size in bytes            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location StartServers (worker.c) Number of child processes launched at server startup            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location MinSpareThreads (worker.c) Minimum number of idle threads, to handle request spikes            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location MaxSpareThreads (worker.c) Maximum number of idle threads            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location MaxClients (worker.c) Maximum number of threads alive at the same time            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ThreadsPerChild (worker.c) Number of threads each child creates            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ServerLimit (worker.c) Maximum number of child processes for this run of Apache            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location ThreadLimit (worker.c) Maximum number of worker threads per child process for this run of Apache - Upper limit for ThreadsPerChild            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location GracefulShutdownTimeout (worker.c) Maximum time in seconds to wait for child processes to complete transactions during shutdown            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location KeepAliveTimeout (http_core.c) Keep-Alive timeout duration (sec)            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location MaxKeepAliveRequests (http_core.c) Maximum number of Keep-Alive requests per connection, or 0 for infinite            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location KeepAlive (http_core.c) Whether persistent connections should be On or Off            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location LoadModule (mod_so.c) a module name and the name of a shared object file to load it from            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location LoadFile (mod_so.c) shared object file or library to load into the server at runtime            Allowed in *.conf only outside Directory, Files or Location

starting apache under Mac OS X
sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.apache.httpd.plist

See