/etc/localtime configures the system-wide timezone of the local system.
It may be link to /usr/share/zoneinfo/ followed by a timezone identifier such as "Europe/Berlin" or "Etc/UTC"
pointing to binary tzfile(5) timezone data for the configured timezone.from mac os 12
ls -l /usr/share/zoneinfo/
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 38 Aug 27 16:58 /usr/share/zoneinfo/@ -> /var/db/timezone/tz/2022c.1.0/zoneinfo
+VERSION (2022c)
PST8PDT MST MST7MDT CST6CDT EST EST5EDT HST(Hawaii) W-SU(Washington State University)
iso3166.tab
Universal Factory leapseconds posixrules zone.tab
Cuba Egypt GB Eire(Ireland) GB-Eire Hongkong Iceland Iran Israel Jamaica Japan
Libya Navajo(MT) NZ NZ-CHAT(islands)
Portugal Poland PRC(China) ROC ROK(RepublicOfKorea) Singapore Turkey Kwajalein(island)
WET(Western European) CET(Centeral European) == MET(Middle European) EET(Eastern European)
Australia/ Brazil/ Chile/ Indian/ Mexico/ US/
America/ Canada/ Atlantic/ Pacific/
Europe/ Africa/ /Antarctica/ Arctic/ Asia/
Etc/
GMT == GMT0 == GMT-0 == GMT+0 == Zulu Greenwich Universal
UCT == UTC
GMT+1 GMT+2 GMT+3 GMT+4 GMT+5 GMT+6 GMT+7 GMT+8 GMT+9
GMT+10 GMT+11 GMT+12
GMT-1 GMT-2 GMT-3 GMT-4 GMT-5 GMT-6 GMT-7 GMT-8 GMT-9
GMT-10 GMT-11 GMT-12 GMT-13 GMT-14
hexdump -C GMT
00 54 5a 69 66 32 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |TZif2
10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00
20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00
30 00 00 47 4d 54 00 00 00 |GMT
30 54 5a 69 66 32 00 00 00 | TZif2|
40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
50 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
60 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 47 4d 54 00 00 00 | GMT |
70 0a 47 4d 54 30 0a | GMT0 |
> Zulu
TZif2 UTC
TZif2 UTC UTC0.
> Greenwich
TZif2 GMT
TZif2 GMT GMT0.
> GMT-1
00 54 5a 69 66 32 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |TZif2
30 00 00 2b 30 31 00 00 00 |..+01
30 54 5a 69 66 32 00 00 00 | TZif2
60 00 00 00 04 00 00 0e 10 00 00 2b 30 31 00 00 00 | +01
70 0a 3c 2b 30 31 3e 2d 31 0a |.<+01>-1.|
Timezone identifier is extracted from the target name of /etc/localtime
The timezone may be overridden for individual programs by using $TZ . See environ(7).
timedatectl(1) changes this file during runtime.
systemd-firstboot(1) to initialize the time zone on mounted (but not booted) system images.
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3519 Nov 5 14:00 localtime >hexdump -C localtime 000 54 5a 69 66 32 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |TZif2 | 010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 020 00 00 00 eb 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 10 9e a6 1e 70 030 9f ba eb 60 a0 86 00 70 a1 9a cd 60 a2 65 e2 70 040 a3 83 e9 e0 a4 6a ae 70 a5 35 a7 60 a6 53 ca f0 050 a7 15 89 60 a8 33 ac f0 a8 fe a5 e0 aa 13 8e f0 060 aa de 87 e0 ab f3 70 f0 ac be 69 e0 ad d3 52 f0 070 ae 9e 4b e0 af b3 34 f0 b0 7e 2d e0 b1 9c 51 70 080 b2 67 4a 60 b3 7c 33 70 b4 47 2c 60 b5 5c 15 70 090 b6 27 0e 60 b7 3b f7 70 b8 06 f0 60 b9 1b d9 70 0a0 b9 e6 d2 60 bb 04 f5 f0 bb c6 b4 60 bc e4 d7 f0 0b0 bd af d0 e0 be c4 b9 f0 bf 8f b2 e0 c0 a4 9b f0 0c0 c1 6f 94 e0 c2 84 7d f0 c3 4f 76 e0 c4 64 5f f0 0d0 c5 2f 58 e0 c6 4d 7c 70 c7 0f 3a e0 c8 2d 5e 70 0e0 c8 f8 57 60 ca 0d 40 70 ca d8 39 60 cb 88 f0 70 0f0 d2 23 f4 70 d2 60 fb e0 d3 75 e4 f0 d4 40 dd e0 100 d5 55 c6 f0 d6 20 bf e0 d7 35 a8 f0 d8 00 a1 e0 110 d9 15 8a f0 d9 e0 83 e0 da fe a7 70 db c0 65 e0 120 dc de 89 70 dd a9 82 60 de be 6b 70 df 89 64 60 130 e0 9e 4d 70 e1 69 46 60 e2 7e 2f 70 e3 49 28 60 140 e4 5e 11 70 e5 57 2e e0 e6 47 2d f0 e7 37 10 e0 150 e8 27 0f f0 e9 16 f2 e0 ea 06 f1 f0 ea f6 d4 e0 160 eb e6 d3 f0 ec d6 b6 e0 ed c6 b5 f0 ee bf d3 60 170 ef af d2 70 f0 9f b5 60 f1 8f b4 70 f2 7f 97 60 180 f3 6f 96 70 f4 5f 79 60 f5 4f 78 70 f6 3f 5b 60 190 f7 2f 5a 70 f8 28 77 e0 f9 0f 3c 70 fa 08 59 e0 1a0 fa f8 58 f0 fb e8 3b e0 fc d8 3a f0 fd c8 1d e0 1b0 fe b8 1c f0 ff a7 ff e0 00 97 fe f0 01 87 e1 e0 1c0 02 77 e0 f0 03 70 fe 60 04 60 fd 70 05 50 e0 60 1d0 06 40 df 70 07 30 c2 60 07 8d 19 70 09 10 a4 60 1e0 09 ad 94 f0 0a f0 86 60 0b e0 85 70 0c d9 a2 e0 1f0 0d c0 67 70 0e b9 84 e0 0f a9 83 f0 10 99 66 e0 200 11 89 65 f0 12 79 48 e0 13 69 47 f0 14 59 2a e0 210 15 49 29 f0 16 39 0c e0 17 29 0b f0 18 22 29 60 220 19 08 ed f0 1a 02 0b 60 1a f2 0a 70 1b e1 ed 60 230 1c d1 ec 70 1d c1 cf 60 1e b1 ce 70 1f a1 b1 60 240 20 76 00 f0 21 81 93 60 22 55 e2 f0 23 6a af e0 250 24 35 c4 f0 25 4a 91 e0 26 15 a6 f0 27 2a 73 e0 260 27 fe c3 70 29 0a 55 e0 29 de a5 70 2a ea 37 e0 270 2b be 87 70 2c d3 54 60 2d 9e 69 70 2e b3 36 60 280 2f 7e 4b 70 30 93 18 60 31 67 67 f0 32 72 fa 60 290 33 47 49 f0 34 52 dc 60 35 27 2b f0 36 32 be 60 2a0 37 07 0d f0 38 1b da e0 38 e6 ef f0 39 fb bc e0 2b0 3a c6 d1 f0 3b db 9e e0 3c af ee 70 3d bb 80 e0 2c0 3e 8f d0 70 3f 9b 62 e0 40 6f b2 70 41 84 7f 60 2d0 42 4f 94 70 43 64 61 60 44 2f 76 70 45 44 43 60 2e0 45 f3 a8 f0 47 2d 5f e0 47 d3 8a f0 49 0d 41 e0 2f0 49 b3 6c f0 4a ed 23 e0 4b 9c 89 70 4c d6 40 60 300 4d 7c 6b 70 4e b6 22 60 4f 5c 4d 70 50 96 04 60 310 51 3c 2f 70 52 75 e6 60 53 1c 11 70 54 55 c8 60 320 54 fb f3 70 56 35 aa 60 56 e5 0f f0 58 1e c6 e0 330 58 c4 f1 f0 59 fe a8 e0 5a a4 d3 f0 5b de 8a e0 340 5c 84 b5 f0 5d be 6c e0 5e 64 97 f0 5f 9e 4e e0 350 60 4d b4 70 61 87 6b 60 62 2d 96 70 63 67 4d 60 360 64 0d 78 70 65 47 2f 60 65 ed 5a 70 67 27 11 60 370 67 cd 3c 70 69 06 f3 60 69 ad 1e 70 6a e6 d5 60 380 6b 96 3a f0 6c cf f1 e0 6d 76 1c f0 6e af d3 e0 390 6f 55 fe f0 70 8f b5 e0 71 35 e0 f0 72 6f 97 e0 3a0 73 15 c2 f0 74 4f 79 e0 74 fe df 70 76 38 96 60 3b0 76 de c1 70 78 18 78 60 78 be a3 70 79 f8 5a 60 3c0 7a 9e 85 70 7b d8 3c 60 7c 7e 67 70 7d b8 1e 60 3d0 7e 5e 49 70 7f 98 00 60 00 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 3e0 00 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 * 400 00 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 02 03 01 00 01 00 01 00 410 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 00 | | * 4c0 01 00 01 ff ff c7 c0 01 00 ff ff b9 b0 00 04 ff | | 4d0 ff c7 c0 01 08 ff ff c7 c0 01 0c 45 44 54 00 45 | EDT E| 4e0 53 54 00 45 57 54 00 45 50 54 00 00 00 00 01 00 |ST EWT EPT | 4f0 00 00 01 54 5a 69 66 32 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | TZif2 | 500 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 05 00 510 00 00 00 00 00 00 ec 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 14 ff 520 ff ff ff 5e 03 f0 90 ff ff ff ff 9e a6 1e 70 ff 530 ff ff ff 9f ba eb 60 ff ff ff ff a0 86 00 70 ff 540 ff ff ff a1 9a cd 60 ff ff ff ff a2 65 e2 70 ff 550 ff ff ff a3 83 e9 e0 ff ff ff ff a4 6a ae 70 ff 560 ff ff ff a5 35 a7 60 ff ff ff ff a6 53 ca f0 ff 570 ff ff ff a7 15 89 60 ff ff ff ff a8 33 ac f0 ff 580 ff ff ff a8 fe a5 e0 ff ff ff ff aa 13 8e f0 ff 590 ff ff ff aa de 87 e0 ff ff ff ff ab f3 70 f0 ff 5a0 ff ff ff ac be 69 e0 ff ff ff ff ad d3 52 f0 ff 5b0 ff ff ff ae 9e 4b e0 ff ff ff ff af b3 34 f0 ff 5c0 ff ff ff b0 7e 2d e0 ff ff ff ff b1 9c 51 70 ff 5d0 ff ff ff b2 67 4a 60 ff ff ff ff b3 7c 33 70 ff 5e0 ff ff ff b4 47 2c 60 ff ff ff ff b5 5c 15 70 ff 5f0 ff ff ff b6 27 0e 60 ff ff ff ff b7 3b f7 70 ff 600 ff ff ff b8 06 f0 60 ff ff ff ff b9 1b d9 70 ff 610 ff ff ff b9 e6 d2 60 ff ff ff ff bb 04 f5 f0 ff 620 ff ff ff bb c6 b4 60 ff ff ff ff bc e4 d7 f0 ff 630 ff ff ff bd af d0 e0 ff ff ff ff be c4 b9 f0 ff 640 ff ff ff bf 8f b2 e0 ff ff ff ff c0 a4 9b f0 ff 650 ff ff ff c1 6f 94 e0 ff ff ff ff c2 84 7d f0 ff 660 ff ff ff c3 4f 76 e0 ff ff ff ff c4 64 5f f0 ff 670 ff ff ff c5 2f 58 e0 ff ff ff ff c6 4d 7c 70 ff 680 ff ff ff c7 0f 3a e0 ff ff ff ff c8 2d 5e 70 ff 690 ff ff ff c8 f8 57 60 ff ff ff ff ca 0d 40 70 ff 6a0 ff ff ff ca d8 39 60 ff ff ff ff cb 88 f0 70 ff 6b0 ff ff ff d2 23 f4 70 ff ff ff ff d2 60 fb e0 ff 6c0 ff ff ff d3 75 e4 f0 ff ff ff ff d4 40 dd e0 ff 6d0 ff ff ff d5 55 c6 f0 ff ff ff ff d6 20 bf e0 ff 6e0 ff ff ff d7 35 a8 f0 ff ff ff ff d8 00 a1 e0 ff 6f0 ff ff ff d9 15 8a f0 ff ff ff ff d9 e0 83 e0 ff 700 ff ff ff da fe a7 70 ff ff ff ff db c0 65 e0 ff 710 ff ff ff dc de 89 70 ff ff ff ff dd a9 82 60 ff 720 ff ff ff de be 6b 70 ff ff ff ff df 89 64 60 ff 730 ff ff ff e0 9e 4d 70 ff ff ff ff e1 69 46 60 ff 740 ff ff ff e2 7e 2f 70 ff ff ff ff e3 49 28 60 ff 750 ff ff ff e4 5e 11 70 ff ff ff ff e5 57 2e e0 ff 760 ff ff ff e6 47 2d f0 ff ff ff ff e7 37 10 e0 ff 770 ff ff ff e8 27 0f f0 ff ff ff ff e9 16 f2 e0 ff 780 ff ff ff ea 06 f1 f0 ff ff ff ff ea f6 d4 e0 ff 790 ff ff ff eb e6 d3 f0 ff ff ff ff ec d6 b6 e0 ff 7a0 ff ff ff ed c6 b5 f0 ff ff ff ff ee bf d3 60 ff 7b0 ff ff ff ef af d2 70 ff ff ff ff f0 9f b5 60 ff 7c0 ff ff ff f1 8f b4 70 ff ff ff ff f2 7f 97 60 ff 7d0 ff ff ff f3 6f 96 70 ff ff ff ff f4 5f 79 60 ff 7e0 ff ff ff f5 4f 78 70 ff ff ff ff f6 3f 5b 60 ff 7f0 ff ff ff f7 2f 5a 70 ff ff ff ff f8 28 77 e0 ff 800 ff ff ff f9 0f 3c 70 ff ff ff ff fa 08 59 e0 ff 810 ff ff ff fa f8 58 f0 ff ff ff ff fb e8 3b e0 ff 820 ff ff ff fc d8 3a f0 ff ff ff ff fd c8 1d e0 ff 830 ff ff ff fe b8 1c f0 ff ff ff ff ff a7 ff e0 00 840 00 00 00 00 97 fe f0 00 00 00 00 01 87 e1 e0 00 850 00 00 00 02 77 e0 f0 00 00 00 00 03 70 fe 60 00 860 00 00 00 04 60 fd 70 00 00 00 00 05 50 e0 60 00 870 00 00 00 06 40 df 70 00 00 00 00 07 30 c2 60 00 880 00 00 00 07 8d 19 70 00 00 00 00 09 10 a4 60 00 890 00 00 00 09 ad 94 f0 00 00 00 00 0a f0 86 60 00 8a0 00 00 00 0b e0 85 70 00 00 00 00 0c d9 a2 e0 00 8b0 00 00 00 0d c0 67 70 00 00 00 00 0e b9 84 e0 00 8c0 00 00 00 0f a9 83 f0 00 00 00 00 10 99 66 e0 00 8d0 00 00 00 11 89 65 f0 00 00 00 00 12 79 48 e0 00 8e0 00 00 00 13 69 47 f0 00 00 00 00 14 59 2a e0 00 8f0 00 00 00 15 49 29 f0 00 00 00 00 16 39 0c e0 00 900 00 00 00 17 29 0b f0 00 00 00 00 18 22 29 60 00 910 00 00 00 19 08 ed f0 00 00 00 00 1a 02 0b 60 00 920 00 00 00 1a f2 0a 70 00 00 00 00 1b e1 ed 60 00 930 00 00 00 1c d1 ec 70 00 00 00 00 1d c1 cf 60 00 940 00 00 00 1e b1 ce 70 00 00 00 00 1f a1 b1 60 00 950 00 00 00 20 76 00 f0 00 00 00 00 21 81 93 60 00 960 00 00 00 22 55 e2 f0 00 00 00 00 23 6a af e0 00 970 00 00 00 24 35 c4 f0 00 00 00 00 25 4a 91 e0 00 980 00 00 00 26 15 a6 f0 00 00 00 00 27 2a 73 e0 00 990 00 00 00 27 fe c3 70 00 00 00 00 29 0a 55 e0 00 9a0 00 00 00 29 de a5 70 00 00 00 00 2a ea 37 e0 00 9b0 00 00 00 2b be 87 70 00 00 00 00 2c d3 54 60 00 9c0 00 00 00 2d 9e 69 70 00 00 00 00 2e b3 36 60 00 9d0 00 00 00 2f 7e 4b 70 00 00 00 00 30 93 18 60 00 9e0 00 00 00 31 67 67 f0 00 00 00 00 32 72 fa 60 00 9f0 00 00 00 33 47 49 f0 00 00 00 00 34 52 dc 60 00 a00 00 00 00 35 27 2b f0 00 00 00 00 36 32 be 60 00 a10 00 00 00 37 07 0d f0 00 00 00 00 38 1b da e0 00 a20 00 00 00 38 e6 ef f0 00 00 00 00 39 fb bc e0 00 a30 00 00 00 3a c6 d1 f0 00 00 00 00 3b db 9e e0 00 a40 00 00 00 3c af ee 70 00 00 00 00 3d bb 80 e0 00 a50 00 00 00 3e 8f d0 70 00 00 00 00 3f 9b 62 e0 00 a60 00 00 00 40 6f b2 70 00 00 00 00 41 84 7f 60 00 a70 00 00 00 42 4f 94 70 00 00 00 00 43 64 61 60 00 a80 00 00 00 44 2f 76 70 00 00 00 00 45 44 43 60 00 a90 00 00 00 45 f3 a8 f0 00 00 00 00 47 2d 5f e0 00 aa0 00 00 00 47 d3 8a f0 00 00 00 00 49 0d 41 e0 00 ab0 00 00 00 49 b3 6c f0 00 00 00 00 4a ed 23 e0 00 ac0 00 00 00 4b 9c 89 70 00 00 00 00 4c d6 40 60 00 ad0 00 00 00 4d 7c 6b 70 00 00 00 00 4e b6 22 60 00 ae0 00 00 00 4f 5c 4d 70 00 00 00 00 50 96 04 60 00 af0 00 00 00 51 3c 2f 70 00 00 00 00 52 75 e6 60 00 b00 00 00 00 53 1c 11 70 00 00 00 00 54 55 c8 60 00 b10 00 00 00 54 fb f3 70 00 00 00 00 56 35 aa 60 00 b20 00 00 00 56 e5 0f f0 00 00 00 00 58 1e c6 e0 00 b30 00 00 00 58 c4 f1 f0 00 00 00 00 59 fe a8 e0 00 b40 00 00 00 5a a4 d3 f0 00 00 00 00 5b de 8a e0 00 b50 00 00 00 5c 84 b5 f0 00 00 00 00 5d be 6c e0 00 b60 00 00 00 5e 64 97 f0 00 00 00 00 5f 9e 4e e0 00 b70 00 00 00 60 4d b4 70 00 00 00 00 61 87 6b 60 00 b80 00 00 00 62 2d 96 70 00 00 00 00 63 67 4d 60 00 b90 00 00 00 64 0d 78 70 00 00 00 00 65 47 2f 60 00 ba0 00 00 00 65 ed 5a 70 00 00 00 00 67 27 11 60 00 bb0 00 00 00 67 cd 3c 70 00 00 00 00 69 06 f3 60 00 bc0 00 00 00 69 ad 1e 70 00 00 00 00 6a e6 d5 60 00 bd0 00 00 00 6b 96 3a f0 00 00 00 00 6c cf f1 e0 00 be0 00 00 00 6d 76 1c f0 00 00 00 00 6e af d3 e0 00 bf0 00 00 00 6f 55 fe f0 00 00 00 00 70 8f b5 e0 00 c00 00 00 00 71 35 e0 f0 00 00 00 00 72 6f 97 e0 00 c10 00 00 00 73 15 c2 f0 00 00 00 00 74 4f 79 e0 00 c20 00 00 00 74 fe df 70 00 00 00 00 76 38 96 60 00 c30 00 00 00 76 de c1 70 00 00 00 00 78 18 78 60 00 c40 00 00 00 78 be a3 70 00 00 00 00 79 f8 5a 60 00 c50 00 00 00 7a 9e 85 70 00 00 00 00 7b d8 3c 60 00 c60 00 00 00 7c 7e 67 70 00 00 00 00 7d b8 1e 60 00 c70 00 00 00 7e 5e 49 70 00 00 00 00 7f 98 00 60 02 c80 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 * cb0 03 04 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 cc0 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 * d60 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 ff ff ba 9e 00 d70 00 ff ff c7 c0 01 04 ff ff b9 b0 00 08 ff ff c7 d80 c0 01 0c ff ff c7 c0 01 10 4c 4d 54 00 45 44 54 | LMT EDT| d90 00 45 53 54 00 45 57 54 00 45 50 54 00 00 00 00 | EST EWT EPT | da0 00 01 00 00 00 00 01 0a 45 53 54 35 45 44 54 2c | EST5EDT,| db0 4d 33 2e 32 2e 30 2c 4d 31 31 2e 31 2e 30 0a |M3 2 0,M11 1 0 |